python - 为什么我在遍历字典时会出错

Question

我是 Python 的初学者，很难理解为什么在迭代从 XML 文件获取的字典时，当我尝试搜索所需的键时出现错误。我还应该提到，我仍然得到结果想要，但不知何故我不断收到错误。

    import os
    import shelve
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as et

    shelfFile = shelve.open('xml_data')
    base_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

    xml_file = os.path.join(base_path, "data\\nrm_icg_catalog.xml")

    tree = et.parse(xml_file)

    root = tree.getroot()

    elements = ['Name','WBS']

    for child in root:
        for itemGroup1 in child:
            for item in elements:
                print(itemGroup1.attrib[item])

带有错误消息的结果:

Facilitating Works
0
Substructure
1
Superstructure
2
Internal Finish
3
Fittings
4
Services
5
Prefabs
6
Works to Existing Building
7
External Works
8
MC Prelims
9
MC OH and P
10
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:/Users/Dodzi Agbenorku/OneDrive/Training Files/Programming Lessons/Python/xmlExcel/app.py", line 22, in <module>
    print(itemGroup1.attrib[item])
KeyError: 'Name'

这是我正在使用的 xml 文件的一小部分:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Takeoff xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://download.autodesk.com/us/navisworks/schemas/nw-TakeoffCatalog-10.0.xsd">
    <Catalog>
        <ItemGroup Name="Facilitating Works" WBS="0" CatalogId="32b4ab2d-6fe8-4c45-9872-c8ea68c0c4de">
            <ItemGroup Name="Hazardous Materials" WBS="1" CatalogId="2fdb6bd1-b2d1-4167-a74d-da818183a156">
                <ItemGroup Name="Material Removal" WBS="1" CatalogId="ccc8a515-4152-400c-a72e-6fd78561325e">
                    <Item Name="Material Details" WBS="1" Transparency="0.3" Color="-15161029" LineThickness="0.1" CatalogId="c0a7de26-6bc3-491e-b3c7-3ff5b560eeaf">
                        <VariableCollection>
                            <Variable Name="Length" Formula="=ModelLength" Units="Meter" />
                            <Variable Name="Width" Formula="=ModelWidth" Units="Meter" />
                            <Variable Name="Thickness" Formula="=ModelThickness" Units="Meter" />
                            <Variable Name="Height" Formula="=ModelHeight" Units="Meter" />
                            <Variable Name="Perimeter" Formula="=ModelPerimeter" Units="Meter" />
                            <Variable Name="Area" Formula="=ModelArea" Units="SquareMeter" />

任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

发生错误的原因是对于某些节点，Name不在 attrib 中这是一本字典。

而不是 itemGroup1.attrib[item] ，使用itemGroup1.attrib.get(item) 。它将返回值 None如果key不存在，也不会抛出错误。