python - 如何修复用Python绘制的热图，它看起来与散点图相去甚远

Question

我想绘制一个热图，以更好地可视化散点图中的分布模式，但在生成热图时遇到一些问题。 y 轴数据从 0 到 15，x 轴数据从 0 到 7。

我引用了下面关于如何生成热图的帖子，并编写了以下代码，这似乎给了我一个散点图，该散点图似乎与我希望从散点图中得到的结果相去甚远。

Generate a heatmap in MatPlotLib using a scatter data set

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import cm as CM

x = [0.3178, 2.0857, 2.5922, 0.088, 0.3, 0.4006, 1.0241, 0.1913, 0.56, 1.1828, 2.6879, 5.8044, 0.3593, 1.8732, 10.8003, 0.3457, 1.7003, 0.1677, 0.7442, 1.5731, 0.4927, 0.4143, 0.558, 0.2486, 0.3009, 0.163, 2.645, 4.1364, 13.8043, 3.9997, 0.258, 0.78, 10.3991, 0.2425, 0.3335, 4.8002, 0.3529, 5.9263, 0.151, 0.34, 0.1146, 13.6505, 2.8802, 3.2738, 0.5562, 0.5067, 1.5142, 2.0373, 2.5427, 12.1005]
y = [4.4903, 6.8879, 5.6211, 5.1128, 1.8125, 4.9716, 2.6847, 5.3744, 6.5254, 3.875, 3.6667, 2.0, 6.9811, 6.0501, 6.0, 6.8478, 5.0, 5.3676, 3.403, 6.1015, 6.8793, 4.7684, 3.5934, 2.6224, 5.9319, 1.8191, 3.0554, 3.5207, 3.6786, 3.0, 5.9041, 1.9128, 6.3333, 5.4949, 5.7135, 6.0, 5.5348, 3.0, 5.2644, 5.8111, 1.093, 4.0, 7.0, 6.0, 3.8684, 4.8, 1.5283, 6.6932, 7.0, 4.0]

# plot the scatter_plot
xposition = [0,7]
plt.figure()
plt.plot(y,x,'r^', label='series_1',markersize=12)
plt.gcf().set_size_inches(11.7, 8.27)
ax = plt.gca()
ax.tick_params(axis = 'both', which = 'major', labelsize = 16)
for xc in range(0,xposition[-1]+1):
    ax.axvline(x=xc, color='darkgrey', linestyle='--', linewidth = 2)

plt.xlabel('x', fontsize=18)
plt.ylabel('y', fontsize=18)
plt.xlim(xposition)
plt.ylim([0,15])
plt.legend(loc='upper right',fontsize = 'x-large')

# plot the heatmap
plt.figure()
heatmap, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=50)
extent = [xedges[0], xedges[-1], yedges[0], yedges[-1]]

plt.clf()
plt.imshow(heatmap.T, extent=extent, interpolation='nearest', origin='lower')
plt.pcolormesh(xedges, yedges, heatmap, cmap=CM.RdBu_r, vmin=-7, vmax=7)
plt.gcf().set_size_inches(11.7, 8.27)
plt.show()

对于结果，首先，热图的绘图大小似乎与散点图不同，尽管我将它们指定为相同。其次，热图似乎与散点图中似乎聚集在右下角的模式不匹配。请告知我应该修改哪里以获得正确的热图。谢谢。

Answer 1

下面的代码似乎可以修复它。你犯了 3 个错误。

1. 您使图形大小相同，而不是轴大小相同。我为散点图添加了 set_aspect 以使纵横比相等，与热图中相同。

2. 您绘制了一个 imshow，然后在其上绘制了一个 pcolormesh(您不需要两者都需要)。

3. 出于某种原因，pcolormesh 期望热图相对于 imshow 的要求进行转置。我把它转过来了。

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    from matplotlib import cm as CM

    x = [0.3178, 2.0857, 2.5922, 0.088, 0.3, 0.4006, 1.0241, 0.1913, 0.56, 1.1828, 2.6879, 5.8044, 0.3593, 1.8732, 10.8003, 0.3457, 1.7003, 0.1677, 0.7442, 1.5731, 0.4927, 0.4143, 0.558, 0.2486, 0.3009, 0.163, 2.645, 4.1364, 13.8043, 3.9997, 0.258, 0.78, 10.3991, 0.2425, 0.3335, 4.8002, 0.3529, 5.9263, 0.151, 0.34, 0.1146, 13.6505, 2.8802, 3.2738, 0.5562, 0.5067, 1.5142, 2.0373, 2.5427, 12.1005]
    y = [4.4903, 6.8879, 5.6211, 5.1128, 1.8125, 4.9716, 2.6847, 5.3744, 6.5254, 3.875, 3.6667, 2.0, 6.9811, 6.0501, 6.0, 6.8478, 5.0, 5.3676, 3.403, 6.1015, 6.8793, 4.7684, 3.5934, 2.6224, 5.9319, 1.8191, 3.0554, 3.5207, 3.6786, 3.0, 5.9041, 1.9128, 6.3333, 5.4949, 5.7135, 6.0, 5.5348, 3.0, 5.2644, 5.8111, 1.093, 4.0, 7.0, 6.0, 3.8684, 4.8, 1.5283, 6.6932, 7.0, 4.0]

    # plot the scatter_plot
    xposition = [0,7]
    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(y,x,'r^', label='series_1',markersize=12)
    plt.gcf().set_size_inches(11.7, 8.27)
    ax = plt.gca()
    ax.tick_params(axis = 'both', which = 'major', labelsize = 16)
    for xc in range(0,xposition[-1]+1):
        ax.axvline(x=xc, color='darkgrey', linestyle='--', linewidth = 2)

    plt.xlabel('x', fontsize=18)
    plt.ylabel('y', fontsize=18)
    plt.xlim(xposition)
    plt.ylim([0,15])
    plt.legend(loc='upper right',fontsize = 'x-large')
    plt.gca().set_aspect('equal')

    heatmap, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=50)
    extent = [xedges[0], xedges[-1], yedges[0], yedges[-1]]


    # plot the heatmap
    plt.figure()
    #plt.imshow(heatmap.T, extent=extent, interpolation='nearest', origin='lower')
    plt.pcolormesh(xedges, yedges,  heatmap.transpose(), cmap=CM.RdBu_r, vmin=-7, vmax=7)
    plt.gcf().set_size_inches(11.7, 8.27)
    plt.gca().set_aspect('equal')
    plt.show()

另外，为什么不尝试使用子图而不是像下面的示例中那样使用两个图形？虽然添加颜色条时您可能会遇到一些问题，但这是可以解决的。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import cm as CM

x = [0.3178, 2.0857, 2.5922, 0.088, 0.3, 0.4006, 1.0241, 0.1913, 0.56, 1.1828, 2.6879, 5.8044, 0.3593, 1.8732, 10.8003, 0.3457, 1.7003, 0.1677, 0.7442, 1.5731, 0.4927, 0.4143, 0.558, 0.2486, 0.3009, 0.163, 2.645, 4.1364, 13.8043, 3.9997, 0.258, 0.78, 10.3991, 0.2425, 0.3335, 4.8002, 0.3529, 5.9263, 0.151, 0.34, 0.1146, 13.6505, 2.8802, 3.2738, 0.5562, 0.5067, 1.5142, 2.0373, 2.5427, 12.1005]
y = [4.4903, 6.8879, 5.6211, 5.1128, 1.8125, 4.9716, 2.6847, 5.3744, 6.5254, 3.875, 3.6667, 2.0, 6.9811, 6.0501, 6.0, 6.8478, 5.0, 5.3676, 3.403, 6.1015, 6.8793, 4.7684, 3.5934, 2.6224, 5.9319, 1.8191, 3.0554, 3.5207, 3.6786, 3.0, 5.9041, 1.9128, 6.3333, 5.4949, 5.7135, 6.0, 5.5348, 3.0, 5.2644, 5.8111, 1.093, 4.0, 7.0, 6.0, 3.8684, 4.8, 1.5283, 6.6932, 7.0, 4.0]

# plot the scatter_plot
xposition = [0,7]
plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.subplot(1,2,1)
plt.plot(y,x,'r^', label='series_1',markersize=12)
plt.gcf().set_size_inches(11.7, 8.27)
ax1.tick_params(axis = 'both', which = 'major', labelsize = 16)
for xc in range(0,xposition[-1]+1):
    ax1.axvline(x=xc, color='darkgrey', linestyle='--', linewidth = 2)

plt.xlabel('x', fontsize=18)
plt.ylabel('y', fontsize=18)
plt.xlim(xposition)
plt.ylim([0,15])
plt.legend(loc='upper right',fontsize = 'x-large')
plt.gca().set_aspect('equal')

heatmap, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=50)
extent = [xedges[0], xedges[-1], yedges[0], yedges[-1]]


# plot the heatmap
#plt.figure()
#plt.imshow(heatmap.T, extent=extent, interpolation='nearest', origin='lower')
ax2 = plt.subplot(1,2,2,sharex=ax1,sharey=ax1)
heatmap_copy = heatmap.transpose()
heatmap_copy[heatmap_copy==0] = np.nan
plt.pcolormesh(xedges, yedges,  heatmap_copy, cmap=CM.RdBu_r, vmin=-7, vmax=7)
ax2.set_aspect('equal')
plt.xlabel('x', fontsize=18)
plt.ylabel('y', fontsize=18)
plt.ylim([0,3])
ax2.tick_params(axis = 'both', which = 'major', labelsize = 16)
for xc in range(0,xposition[-1]+1):
    ax2.axvline(x=xc, color='darkgrey', linestyle='--', linewidth = 2)
plt.show()