python - 为什么我的 while 循环在应该中断时却没有中断

Question

我目前正在尝试制作一个程序来运行模拟，其中棒球运动员有 81% 的机会击中球，目标是棒球运动员连续击中 56 次。我将其设置为将运行一百万次重复，但如果玩家连续命中 56 次或更多，它应该停止，并打印玩家连续命中 56 次的尝试次数。然而，由于某种原因，当总命中数至少为 56 时，我的 for 循环不会停止(预测概率远低于 1/1000000)。为什么我的循环没有正确中断？

import random
attempts = 0
totalhits = 0
def baseball():
    totalhits = 0
    hit = 1
    while hit == 1:
        odds = random.randint(1,100)
        if odds <= 81:
            hit = 1
            totalhits = totalhits + 1
        else:
            hit = 0
    return totalhits

for i in range(1,1000000):
    baseball()
    if totalhits >= 56:
        break
    attempts = attempts + 1

print("Attempt " + str(attempts) + " succeeded.")

结果是一致的尝试999999成功

Answer 1

• 您需要捕获从棒球返回的值。或者使用global。
• 您在 baseball 函数中使用的变量 totalhits 与您在全局级别声明的不同。
• 阅读有关 Python 中变量作用域的更多信息，以便更好地理解。

import random
attempts = 0
totalhits = 0
def baseball():
    totalhits = 0
    hit = 1
    while hit == 1:
        odds = random.randint(1,100)
        if odds <= 81:
            hit = 1
            totalhits = totalhits + 1
        else:
            hit = 0
    return totalhits

for i in range(1,1000000):
    totalhits  = baseball()
    if totalhits >= 56:
        break
    attempts = attempts + 1

print("Attempt " + str(attempts) + " succeeded.")

解决方案 2:使用global

import random
attempts = 0
totalhits = 0
def baseball():
    global totalhits
    totalhits = 0
    hit = 1
    while hit == 1:
        odds = random.randint(1,100)
        if odds <= 81:
            hit = 1
            totalhits = totalhits + 1
        else:
            hit = 0

for i in range(1,1000000):
    baseball()
    if totalhits >= 56:
        break
    attempts = attempts + 1

print("Attempt " + str(attempts) + " succeeded.")