Python:如何在 ttk.Checkbutton 处于事件状态时更改其边框颜色？

Question

我想更改 ttk.Checkbutton 小部件的边框颜色，默认情况下为浅蓝色。我尝试使用 ttk.Style() 的配置功能，并设法在激活时更改整个按钮或其他内容的颜色，但不能更改复选框的边框。另一个问题是我在哪里可以找到此类信息，例如可以以 ttk 样式更改的所有选项的某种文档？

这是我尝试过的示例:

from tkinter import ttk

root = Tk()

s = ttk.Style()
s.configure('MyOwn.TCheckbutton',
    background='white',)
s.map('MyOwn.TCheckbutton',
       foreground=[('active', 'red')])

cb = ttk.Checkbutton(root,text='Text',style='MyOwn.TCheckbutton')
cb.pack()
root.mainloop()

当我将鼠标悬停在复选框上时，我可以更改文本的颜色，但我不知道如何更改复选框的边框颜色。

Answer 1

您的问题

我相信您遇到的问题是 Ttk Checkbutton实际上不是一个绘制的小部件，而是一个图像。

如何发现？

如果有人看一下 github 项目 ttkthemes并查看 themes folder ，然后转到 radiance folder (这是一个类似 UBUNTU 的主题)然后 to the folder inside that labelled "radiance" .

人们会看到这样的东西: 我们看到一个充满“GIF”的文件夹，这些是图像文件，如果向下滚动并找到这些文件:

check-dc.gif (Disabled Deselected)
check-du.gif (Disabled Deselected)
check-nc.gif (Normal Selected)
check-nu.gif (Normal Deselected)

如果我们查看这些文件，我们可以看到这些都是复选按钮的所有不同可能状态。

在 Windows 下，这些检查按钮看起来像这样(生成 with this code ):

如何包含自定义检查按钮？

可以找到关于此的精彩帖子 here ，他们通过在 Canvas 上添加绿色和红色方 block 来创建自定义检查按钮，但是如果有人想要制作类似于您想要的东西怎么办？您可以在其中更改复选按钮的颜色。

如何更改默认复选按钮的边框颜色？

首先，让我们将所有检查按钮图像转换为 gif 格式，我已经为您完成了此操作，并且可以从 my Google Drive 下载它们。或者我的Gofile .

您需要从我的 Google 云端硬盘获取:

check-nc.gif (Normal Selected)
check-nu.gif (Normal Deselected)

因为您无需担心停用的值，因为它们永远不会成为焦点。

现在让我们看看他们如何加载上述帖子中的图像:

on_image = tk.PhotoImage(width=48, height=24)
off_image = tk.PhotoImage(width=48, height=24)
on_image.put(("green",), to=(0, 0, 23,23))
off_image.put(("red",), to=(24, 0, 47, 23))

在这里，他们创建了两个空白图像，尺寸为 48 像素 X 24 像素，其中两个在左侧添加了一个绿色方 block ，另一个在右侧添加了一个。

我们的方法类似，但略有不同，相反，我们将加载您下载的两个 gif 文件，然后编写一个脚本，该脚本将制作 4 个矩形，覆盖当前灰色的轮廓检查按钮。就像这样:

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()

def edit_check(colour, image):
    image.put((colour,), to=(0, 0, 1, 13)) # LEFT
    image.put((colour,), to=(0, 0, 13, 1)) # TOP
    image.put((colour,), to=(12, 0, 13, 13)) # RIGHT
    image.put((colour,), to=(0, 12, 13, 13)) # BOTTOM

def focus_in(event):
    print(event)
    image = off_image if var1.get() == 0 else on_image
    edit_check("red", image)
    cb1.configure(image=image)
    cb1.image = image

def focus_out(event):
    print(event)
    image = off_image if var1.get() == 0 else on_image
    edit_check("black", image)
    cb1.configure(image=image)
    cb1.image = image

on_image = tk.PhotoImage(file="check-nc.gif") # Instead of creating a new image we open an existing one
off_image = tk.PhotoImage(file="check-nu.gif") # Instead of creating a new image we open an existing one

var1 = tk.IntVar(value=0)
cb1 = tk.Checkbutton(root, image=off_image, selectimage=on_image, indicatoron=False,
                     onvalue=1, offvalue=0, variable=var1, offrelief='sunken')
cb1.pack(padx=20, pady=10)

# THESE IF YOU WANT TRUE FOCUS
#cb1.bind("<FocusIn>", focus_in)
#cb1.bind("<FocusOut>", focus_out)

# THESE IF YOU WANT MOUSE OVER
cb1.bind("<Enter>", focus_in)
cb1.bind("<Leave>", focus_out)
root.mainloop()

使用面向对象编程改进代码

这是适合您的用例的更好的系统(请注意，它不需要任何图像文件，因为文件保存为 base64 字符串)

import tkinter as tk

check_nu = b'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'
check_nc = b'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'


class example_window:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        chckbox = custom_checkbox(master, "red")
        chckbox.pack(padx=20, pady=10)
        

class custom_checkbox(tk.Checkbutton):
    def __init__(self, parent, colour, *args, **kwargs):
        default_kwargs = {'image': None, 'selectimage': None, 'indicatoron': False,
                          'onvalue': 1, 'offvalue': 0, 'variable': None, 'offrelief': 'sunken'}
        for key, value in default_kwargs.items():
            if key not in kwargs:
                kwargs[key] = value

        self.colour = colour
        self.curr_colour = "black"
        self.hover = False
        if kwargs['variable'] is None:
            self.variable = kwargs['variable'] = tk.IntVar(value=1)
        else:
            self.variable = kwargs['variable']
        print(kwargs, kwargs['variable'].get())
        if kwargs['variable'].get() == 0:
            if kwargs['image'] is None:
                self.off_image = kwargs['image'] = tk.PhotoImage(data=check_nu)
            else:
                self.off_image = kwargs['image']
            if kwargs['selectimage'] is None:
                self.on_image = tk.PhotoImage(data=check_nc)
            else:
                self.on_image = kwargs['selectimage']
        else:
            if kwargs['image'] is None:
                self.on_image = kwargs['image'] = tk.PhotoImage(data=check_nc)
            else:
                self.on_image = kwargs['image']
            if kwargs['selectimage'] is None:
                self.off_image = tk.PhotoImage(data=check_nu)
            else:
                self.off_image = kwargs['selectimage']

        tk.Checkbutton.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
        self.bind("<Enter>", self.focus_in)
        self.bind("<Leave>", self.focus_out)
        self.variable.trace("w", self.focus_update)

    def edit_check(self, colour, image):
        image.put((colour,), to=(0, 0, 1, 13)) # LEFT
        image.put((colour,), to=(0, 0, 13, 1)) # TOP
        image.put((colour,), to=(12, 0, 13, 13)) # RIGHT
        image.put((colour,), to=(0, 12, 13, 13)) # BOTTOM

        
    def focus_in(self, event=None):
        image = self.on_image if self.variable.get() == self['onvalue'] else self.off_image
        self.edit_check(self.colour, image)
        self.curr_colour = self.colour
        self.configure(image=image)
        self.image = image
        self.hover = True

    def focus_out(self, event=None):
        image = self.on_image if self.variable.get() == self['onvalue'] else self.off_image
        self.edit_check("black", image)
        self.curr_colour = "black"
        self.configure(image=image)
        self.image = image
        self.hover = False

    def focus_update(self, *args):

        if self.variable.get() == self['onvalue']:
            image = self.on_image
        else:
            image = self.off_image
        self.configure(image=image)
        self.image = image
        if self.hover:
            self.focus_in()

def main():
    root = tk.Tk()
    example_window_gui = example_window(root)
    root.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

如果您希望能够向此小部件添加文本，请查看 this code