python - 有没有办法减少类中大量重复的代码

Question

我有以下代码:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt ### imports plotting
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

class Population:
    def __init__(self,name,population):
        self.name = name
        self.population = population
        self.conservative = self.population * 48/100
        self.labour = self.population * 30/100
        self.libDem = self.population * 12/100
        self.green = self.population * 5/100
        self.brexit = self.population * 3/100
        self.others = self.population * 2/100

    def distribution(self):
        print(self.conservative)
        print(self.labour)
        print(self.libDem)
        print(self.brexit)
        print(self.others)

    def rulingParty(self):
        parties = {"Conservative":self.conservative,"Labour":self.labour,"LibDem":self.libDem,"Green":self.green,"Brexit":self.brexit,"Other":self.others}
        return max(parties, key=parties.get)

    def addCon(self,amount, Lab=1/5,LD=1/5,GRN=1/5,BXT=1/5,Others=1/5):
        self.conservative += amount
        self.labour += -amount * Lab
        self.libDem += -amount * LD
        self.green += -amount * GRN
        self.brexit += -amount * BXT
        self.others += -amount * Others

    def addLab(self,amount, Con=1/5,LD=1/5,GRN=1/5,BXT=1/5,Others=1/5):
        self.labour += amount
        self.conservative += -amount * Con
        self.libDem += -amount * LD
        self.green += -amount * GRN
        self.brexit += -amount * BXT
        self.others += -amount * Others

    def addLD(self,amount, Con=1/5,Lab=1/5,GRN=1/5,BXT=1/5,Others=1/5):
        self.libDem += amount
        self.conservative += -amount * Con
        self.labour += -amount * Lab
        self.green += -amount * GRN
        self.brexit += -amount * BXT
        self.others += -amount * Others

    def addGRN(self,amount, Con=1/5,Lab=1/5,LD=1/5,BXT=1/5,Others=1/5):
        self.green += amount
        self.conservative += -amount * Con
        self.labour += -amount * Lab
        self.libDem += -amount * LD
        self.brexit += -amount * BXT
        self.others += -amount * Others

    def addBXT(self,amount, Con=1/5,Lab=1/5,LD=1/5,GRN=1/5,Others=1/5):
        self.brexit += amount
        self.conservative += -amount * Con
        self.labour += -amount * Lab
        self.libDem += -amount * LD
        self.green += -amount * GRN
        self.others += -amount * Others

    def addOthers(self,amount, Con=1/5,Lab=1/5,LD=1/5,GRN=1/5,BXT=1/5):
        self.others += amount
        self.conservative += -amount * Con
        self.labour += -amount * Lab
        self.libDem += -amount * LD
        self.green += -amount * GRN
        self.brexit += -amount * BXT

c = Population("UK",100000)
d = [c.conservative,c.labour,c.libDem,c.green,c.brexit,c.others]
while not c.rulingParty()=="Labour": 
    c.addCon(-1000)
    d = np.vstack((d,[c.conservative,c.labour,c.libDem,c.green,c.brexit,c.others]))


print(d)
print(np.shape(d)[0])

应该指出的是，这只是我为了提高 Python 技能而做的练习，而不是任何类型的政治模拟。我的问题是，有什么方法可以减少 addCon()、addLab() 等函数中重复行的数量，因为它们都有很多相同的代码。

如有任何反馈，我们将不胜感激您的，

Answer 1

绝对有，但它涉及一点点额外的工作。

首先，我不会将 libDem 和 conservative 作为类中的字段。相反，我会让它们成为字典中的键，并将投票作为值。有点像您在 ruling_party 方法中所做的那样。但是在 __init__ 中设置字典，然后您可以重写您的方法。

事实上，您可以将它们全部合并到一个方法中:

def add_party(self, party, amount, adjustment_factors):
    self.votes[party] += amount
    for other_party in self.votes:
        if other_party != party:
            factor = adjustment_factors.get(other_party, 1/5)
            self.votes[other_party] -= amount * factor