navigation - 解决方案 : Python3 Tkinter Jump from one window to another with back and next buttons

Question

我一直在研究 python3 中的 tkinter，发现很难在网上找到好的文档和答案。为了帮助其他遇到相同问题的人，我决定发布一个简单问题的解决方案，该问题似乎没有在线文档。

问题:创建一个类似向导的程序，向用户显示一系列窗口，用户可以在单击下一步和后退按钮的窗口之间移动。

解决办法是:

创建一个根窗口。

创建与要呈现给用户的窗口一样多的框架。将所有框架附加到根窗口。

用它需要的所有小部件填充每个框架。

当所有帧都被填充后，用 grid_forget() 隐藏每个帧。方法，但不隐藏第一帧，使其成为可见的。框架上的所有子小部件都将与框架一起隐藏。

当用户单击窗口上的 Next 或 Back 按钮时，调用一个子程序来隐藏其他框架(使用 grid_forget() )并使需要的框架可见(使用 grid() )。

当您希望程序结束时，对根窗口使用 destroy - 方法。

因此，您将创建一个窗口并在其上显示不同的框架。

(顺便说一下，开始学习 tkinter 的最佳地点是: http://www.tkdocs.com/tutorial/index.html)

这是 Python3 中的示例实现。它有 3 个简单的窗口，每个窗口都有一个文本标签和两个用于浏览不同窗口的按钮。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#

# Creates three "windows" that the user can navigate through using Back and Next - buttons.

import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk

def create_widgets_in_first_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    first_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(first_frame, text='Window 1')
    first_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    first_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
    first_window_quit_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    first_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(first_frame, text = "Next", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
    first_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def create_widgets_in_second_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    second_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(second_frame, text='Window 2')
    second_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    second_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Back", command = call_first_frame_on_top)
    second_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    second_window_next_button = tkinter.Button(second_frame, text = "Next", command = call_third_frame_on_top)
    second_window_next_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def create_widgets_in_third_frame():
    # Create the label for the frame
    third_window_label = tkinter.ttk.Label(third_frame, text='Window 3')
    third_window_label.grid(column=0, row=0, pady=10, padx=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

    # Create the button for the frame
    third_window_back_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Back", command = call_second_frame_on_top)
    third_window_back_button.grid(column=0, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))
    third_window_quit_button = tkinter.Button(third_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
    third_window_quit_button.grid(column=1, row=1, pady=10, sticky=(tkinter.N))

def call_first_frame_on_top():
    # This function can be called only from the second window.
    # Hide the second window and show the first window.
    second_frame.grid_forget()
    first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def call_second_frame_on_top():
    # This function can be called from the first and third windows.
    # Hide the first and third windows and show the second window.
    first_frame.grid_forget()
    third_frame.grid_forget()
    second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def call_third_frame_on_top():
    # This function can only be called from the second window.
    # Hide the second window and show the third window.
    second_frame.grid_forget()
    third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

def quit_program():
    root_window.destroy()

###############################
# Main program starts here :) #
###############################

# Create the root GUI window.
root_window = tkinter.Tk()

# Define window size
window_width = 200
window_heigth = 100

# Create frames inside the root window to hold other GUI elements. All frames must be created in the main program, otherwise they are not accessible in functions. 
first_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
first_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
first_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
first_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

second_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
second_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
second_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
second_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

third_frame=tkinter.ttk.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
third_frame['borderwidth'] = 2
third_frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
third_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

# Create all widgets to all frames
create_widgets_in_third_frame()
create_widgets_in_second_frame()
create_widgets_in_first_frame()

# Hide all frames in reverse order, but leave first frame visible (unhidden).
third_frame.grid_forget()
second_frame.grid_forget()

# Start tkinter event - loop
root_window.mainloop()

Answer 1

由于您已冒昧地将答案作为问题发布。我想发表评论作为答案，并建议您也许应该将其贡献给 TkDocs(单击他们的 About tab 并且他们谈论为该站点做出贡献)。

我认为如果用更多的例子来改进那个网站，而不是把这个网站变成一本食谱会更好。我想你也可以贡献于 Active State recipes ，而且它们似乎是 Tcl/Tk 火炬的载体，所以 Tkinter 的东西在那里也很有意义。