python - 如何在 Heroku Django 上安装 PyMuPDF

Question

我正在尝试制作一个从 PDF 中提取图像的脚本，并且我在 Django 项目中制作了一个脚本，并将 pymupdf 添加到了 requests.txt 中。我有一个 Aptfile，其中包含 Mupdf，https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-apt 作为构建包以及 heroku/python.当尝试将 master 推送到 Heroku 时，推送失败，这是错误。

    Enumerating objects: 5, done.
Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 322 bytes | 322.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote:
remote: -----> Apt app detected
remote: -----> Detected Aptfile or Stack changes, flushing cache
remote: -----> Adding custom repositories
remote: -----> Updating apt caches
remote:        Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
remote:        Get:2 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bionic-pgdg InRelease [46.3 kB]
remote:        Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
remote:        Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
remote:        Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages [11.3 MB]
remote:        Get:6 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bionic-pgdg/11 amd64 Packages [2,483 B]
remote:        Get:7 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt bionic-pgdg/main amd64 Packages [294 kB]
remote:        Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [1,344 kB]
remote:        Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [817 kB]
remote:        Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [812 kB]
remote:        Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [1,101 kB]
remote:        Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,343 kB]
remote:        Fetched 17.5 MB in 3s (5,813 kB/s)
remote:        Reading package lists...
remote: -----> Fetching .debs for mupdf
remote:        Reading package lists...
remote:        Building dependency tree...
remote:        The following additional packages will be installed:
remote:          libopenjp2-7
remote:        Suggested packages:
remote:          mupdf-tools
remote:        The following NEW packages will be installed:
remote:          libopenjp2-7 mupdf
remote:        0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 46 not upgraded.
remote:        Need to get 19.2 MB of archives.
remote:        After this operation, 35.3 MB of additional disk space will be used.
remote:        Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 libopenjp2-7 amd64 2.3.0-2build0.18.04.1 [145 kB]
remote:        Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 mupdf amd64 1.12.0+ds1-1 [19.0 MB]
remote:        Fetched 19.2 MB in 1s (13.5 MB/s)
remote:        Download complete and in download only mode
remote: -----> Installing libopenjp2-7_2.3.0-2build0.18.04.1_amd64.deb
remote: -----> Installing mupdf_1.12.0+ds1-1_amd64.deb
remote: -----> Writing profile script
remote: -----> Rewrite package-config files
remote: -----> Python app detected
remote: -----> Need to update SQLite3, clearing cache
remote: -----> Installing python-3.6.10
remote: -----> Installing pip
remote: -----> Installing SQLite3
remote: Sqlite3 successfully installed.
remote: -----> Installing requirements with pip
remote:        Collecting bs4==0.0.1 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 1))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/10/ed/7e8b97591f6f456174139ec089c769f89a94a1a4025fe967691de971f314/bs4-0.0.1.tar.gz
remote:        Collecting Django==2.1.11 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 2))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8c/49/d5038239995594281478bf209f8d93524ad342d500009a697b27f884668a/Django-2.1.11-py3-none-any.whl (7.3MB)
remote:        Collecting django-heroku==0.3.1 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 3))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/59/af/5475a876c5addd5a3494db47d9f7be93cc14d3a7603542b194572791b6c6/django_heroku-0.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
remote:        Collecting django-widget-tweaks==1.4.5 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 4))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1c/11/a8d3a4d73a09973d62ce381fb73a926707cb1485aa29599f2afc04dee7b4/django_widget_tweaks-1.4.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
remote:        Collecting forex-python==1.5 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 5))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1a/ff/f3f6da21e8fdc6ece355643871749c79a3191fed1cba088cbd0dc597dfee/forex-python-1.5.tar.gz
remote:        Collecting gunicorn==19.9.0 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 6))
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remote:        Collecting imageio==2.6.1 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 7))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1a/de/f7f985018f462ceeffada7f6e609919fbcc934acd9301929cba14bc2c24a/imageio-2.6.1-py3-none-any.whl (3.3MB)
remote:        Collecting img2pdf==0.3.3 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 8))
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remote:        Collecting imutils==0.5.3 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 9))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b5/94/46dcae8c061e28be31bcaa55c560cb30ee9403c9a4bb2659768ec1b9eb7d/imutils-0.5.3.tar.gz
remote:        Collecting opencv-python-headless==4.1.2.30 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 10))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5d/96/b2824df85d8c5f148125e4fee073a62fde17639502fe67042b212ebfe488/opencv_python_headless-4.1.2.30-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (21.8MB)
remote:        Collecting pandas==0.25.3 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 11))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/52/3f/f6a428599e0d4497e1595030965b5ba455fd8ade6e977e3c819973c4b41d/pandas-0.25.3-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4MB)
remote:        Collecting Pillow==6.1.0 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 12))
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remote:        Collecting Pygments==2.4.2 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 13))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/73/1dfa428150e3ccb0fa3e68db406e5be48698f2a979ccbcec795f28f44048/Pygments-2.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (883kB)
remote:        Collecting pypandoc==1.4 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 14))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/71/81/00184643e5a10a456b4118fc12c96780823adb8ed974eb2289f29703b29b/pypandoc-1.4.tar.gz
remote:        Collecting PyPDF2==1.26.0 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 15))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b4/01/68fcc0d43daf4c6bdbc6b33cc3f77bda531c86b174cac56ef0ffdb96faab/PyPDF2-1.26.0.tar.gz (77kB)
remote:        Collecting scikit-image==0.16.2 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 16))
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remote:        Collecting xlrd==1.2.0 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 18))
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remote:        Collecting zipp==0.6.0 (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 19))
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remote:        Collecting python-docx (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 20))
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remote:        Collecting pymupdf (from -r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 21))
remote:          Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3d/6a/5b4d4f1964a0802f8f2514fcd1f8d53c7f1e74a55765f99df1cf482bbbe8/PyMuPDF-1.16.10.tar.gz (175kB)
remote:        Collecting beautifulsoup4 (from bs4==0.0.1->-r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 1))
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remote:        Collecting pytz (from Django==2.1.11->-r /tmp/build_460e46d9ff4616a54e3ebd7caa495280/requirements.txt (line 2))
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remote:          Running setup.py install for imutils: started
remote:            Running setup.py install for imutils: finished with status 'done'
remote:          Running setup.py install for pypandoc: started
remote:            Running setup.py install for pypandoc: finished with status 'done'
remote:          Running setup.py install for PyPDF2: started
remote:            Running setup.py install for PyPDF2: finished with status 'done'
remote:          Running setup.py install for python-docx: started
remote:            Running setup.py install for python-docx: finished with status 'done'
remote:          Running setup.py install for pymupdf: started
remote:            Running setup.py install for pymupdf: finished with status 'error'
remote:            Complete output from command /app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-205xyxft/pymupdf/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-a457z02t-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
remote:            running install
remote:            running build
remote:            running build_py
remote:            creating build
remote:            creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
remote:            creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/fitz
remote:            copying fitz/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/fitz
remote:            copying fitz/fitz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/fitz
remote:            copying fitz/utils.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/fitz
remote:            copying fitz/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/fitz
remote:            running build_ext
remote:            building 'fitz._fitz' extension
remote:            creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
remote:            creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/fitz
remote:            gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/usr/include/mupdf -I/usr/local/include/mupdf -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python3.6m -c fitz/fitz_wrap.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/fitz/fitz_wrap.o
remote:            fitz/fitz_wrap.c:2732:10: fatal error: fitz.h: No such file or directory
remote:             #include <fitz.h>
remote:                      ^~~~~~~~
remote:            compilation terminated.
remote:            error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
remote:
remote:            ----------------------------------------
remote:        Command "/app/.heroku/python/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-205xyxft/pymupdf/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-a457z02t-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-205xyxft/pymupdf/
remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Python app.
remote:
remote:  !     Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote:
remote: !       Push rejected to compare-tool.
remote:
To https://git.heroku.com/compare-tool.git
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/compare-tool.git'

`

Answer 1

我遇到了与您描述的完全相同的问题。

在此之前，我的 Django Heroku 应用程序使用 PyMuPDF/Fitz 运行良好，没有任何问题。所以我得出的结论是，这个构建失败是一个全新的问题，导致了一些变化。

就我而言，我最近刚刚更新了我的依赖项，其中包括 PyMuPDF。

解决我问题的方法是将 PyMuPDF 锁定在 1.16.0 版本。

pymupdf = "==1.16.0"

我认为截至撰写本文时最新版本是 1.16.1 或 1.16.2。

我不能 100% 确定根本原因，但我怀疑这是因为最新版本的 PyMuPDF 可能不允许向后兼容旧版本的 pip。

在检查我的实时 Heroku dyno 上运行的 pip 版本后，我得到:

“您使用的是 pip 版本 9.0.2，但版本 20.0.2 可用。”

如果您使用默认的 Heroku Python 环境，同样的情况可能也适用于您。

请告诉我们卡住您的 PyMuPDF 版本是否也能解决您的问题!