java - 如何使用 JUnit 在 Spring 中测试单个服务？

Question

我有一个 @Service 类，它注入(inject)了一些属性。现在注入(inject)过程工作正常，我想编写一个 junit 测试。

如何定义 JUnit 测试而无需加载完整的应用程序上下文配置？

@Service
public class MyService {
    @Value("${test.property}")
    private String value;

    public String getValue() {  return value; }
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class MyTest {
   @Autowired
   private MyService service;

   @Test
   public void test() {
      assertNotNull(service.getValue());
   }
}

但是当我运行这个时:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Neither GenericXmlContextLoader nor AnnotationConfigContextLoader was able to detect defaults, and no ApplicationContextInitializers were declared for context configuration 
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.processContextConfiguration(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:208)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:348)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:305)

Answer 1

您没有指定从何处注入(inject)您在测试中使用 @Autowired 注释的字段的 beans 文件。你应该有这样的东西:

@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
"classpath:applicationContext.xml",
"classpath:junit-applicationContext.xml"
})