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python smtplib使用gmail : messages with a body longer than about 35 characters are never received

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-01 06:07:34 24 4
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我有一个最奇怪的错误。我正在使用 smtplib 从 Gmail 帐户发送电子邮件。每次运行脚本时,我都会看到该消息显示在我用来发送的 gmail 帐户的“已发送”选项卡中。但有时接收端收不到消息。

我注意到消息正文的长度与我是否收到它之间存在相关性。每次都会收到一条“foo”消息,而我想要的消息(大约 200 个字符长)却从未出现过。我尝试发送正文长度在 0 到 60 之间的邮件。两次尝试时,所有 60 条内容都显示在发送 gmail 帐户的“已发送”文件夹中,但只有以下内容显示在接收电子邮件帐户中:

enter image description here

这是我用来发送消息的代码:

    for i in range(100):
mail('someaddress@gmail.com','testing limit',str(i) + "a"*i)

这是邮件功能:

def mail(to, subject, text, attach=None):

"""Sends an email, formatted as HTML to list of senders with an optional attachment.
Specifically, the 'to' argument must be a comma seperated list of email addresses.
'subject' and 'text' are what appear in the email subject and body, respectively and
'attach' is a path to an attachment.
"""
msg = MIMEMultipart()

# build the email header
msg['From'] = 'A Concerned Robot'
msg['To'] = to
msg['Subject'] = subject

# attach our body text as html
msg.attach(MIMEText(text,'html'))

# attach the attachment if its there
part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
if attach is not None:
part.set_payload(open(attach, 'rb').read())
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition',
'attachment; filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(attach))
msg.attach(part)

# open up a line with the server
mailServer = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
mailServer.ehlo()
mailServer.starttls()
mailServer.ehlo()

# login, send email, logout
mailServer.login(conf.user, conf.pw)
mailServer.sendmail(conf.user, to, msg.as_string())
mailServer.close()

最佳答案

仅接收您发送的邮件子集的最可能的解释是目的地正在丢弃它们(您是否检查过垃圾邮件文件夹?)。 FWIW,如果我使用你的脚本,所有 100 条消息都会到达。

当您发送邮件时,Google 可能会拒绝您,或者他们可能会接受邮件递送。当 Google 尝试传递邮件时,它可能会被拒绝(在这种情况下,您应该从 Google 收到传递状态通知),或者可能会被接受。某些邮件服务器可能会说它们接受邮件,但不传送邮件(可能丢弃邮件,或将其路由到某种隔离区)。

这样我们又回到了最初的问题:为什么不能发送 200 个字符的消息?让我们看看当我们尝试发送该消息时会发生什么:

>>> import smtplib
>>> s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
>>> s.ehlo()
(250, 'mx.google.com at your service, [60.234.179.13]\nSIZE 35882577\n8BITMIME\nSTARTTLS\nENHANCEDSTATUSCODES')
>>> s.starttls()
(220, '2.0.0 Ready to start TLS')
>>> s.ehlo()
(250, 'mx.google.com at your service, [60.234.179.13]\nSIZE 35882577\n8BITMIME\nAUTH LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH\nENHANCEDSTATUSCODES')
>>> s.login("username", "password")
(235, '2.7.0 Accepted')
>>> s.mail("sender")
(250, '2.1.0 OK n2sm1693666ybe.6')
>>> s.rcpt("recipient")
(250, '2.1.5 OK n2sm1693666ybe.6')
>>> s.data("Subject: " + ("a" * 200) + "\n\nThis is a test message.")
(250, '2.0.0 OK 1316147451 n2sm1693666ybe.6')
>>> s.quit()
(221, '2.0.0 closing connection n2sm1693666ybe.6')

这已被接受(因此问题不存在),并且它也到达了(一些 header 被剪掉):

Received: by 10.223.158.77 with SMTP id e13cs10409fax;
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:54 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by 10.100.214.1 with SMTP id m1mr1823145ang.134.1316147453266;
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:53 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail-gx0-f178.google.com (mail-gx0-f178.google.com [209.85.161.178])
by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id l19si1913755anm.182.2011.09.15.21.30.51
(version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER);
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:52 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by mail-gx0-f178.google.com with SMTP id 21so2167851gxk.23
for <tony.meyer@gmail.com>; Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by 10.151.43.6 with SMTP id v6mr2088425ybj.402.1316147451688;
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from somewhere ([60.234.179.13])
by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id n2sm1693666ybe.6.2011.09.15.21.30.19
(version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER);
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <4e72d0fb.02a5960a.3f71.60b1@mx.google.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Sender: Tony Meyer <address>
From: someone
Subject: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

This is a test message.

因此,您的代码可能可以工作,并且消息将会到达:问题在于您的电子邮件的目的地。不幸的是,如果他们默默地丢弃邮件,那么就很难知道他们为什么这样做(而不是获取有原因的 DSN)。

您的代码包含用于包含附件的部分 - 发送失败时是否包含附件?这可能是问题的原因。 RFC 5322 规定行应该的最大长度为 78 个字符(尽管它们可能可达 998 个字符) - 也许目的地正在强制执行更严格的值? (假设您的 200 个字符位于一行)。如果是这样,那么您可以对正文进行编码(例如,quoted-printable 或 base64)或使用延续来包装主题。

关于python smtplib使用gmail : messages with a body longer than about 35 characters are never received,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7437455/

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