python - OSX 下的 pygst + pyinstaller

Question

我目前正在尝试捆绑这个极其简单的 python 脚本(player.py):

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys, os
import gobject, glib
import pygst
pygst.require("0.10")
import gst

class Player(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.player = gst.element_factory_make("playbin2", "player")
        fakesink = gst.element_factory_make("fakesink", "fakesink")
        self.player.set_property("video-sink", fakesink)
        bus = self.player.get_bus()
        bus.add_signal_watch()
        bus.connect("message", self.on_message)

    def play(self, url):
        self.player.set_state(gst.STATE_NULL)
        self.player.set_property("uri", url)
        self.player.set_state(gst.STATE_PLAYING)

    def on_message(self, bus, message):
        t = message.type
        if t == gst.MESSAGE_EOS:
            global loop
            loop.quit()
        elif t == gst.MESSAGE_ERROR:
            self.player.set_state(gst.STATE_NULL)
            err, debug = message.parse_error()
            print "Error: %s" % err, debug

p = Player()
p.play("file:///path/to/something.mp3")
gobject.threads_init()
loop = glib.MainLoop()
loop.run()

使用 pyinstaller (2.1.0-dev) 进入 OSX(我的机器运行 Mountain Lion)应用程序。

我的目标是创建一个可以轻松分发的 .app bundle 。我还可以要求最终用户安装 GStreamer SDK，尽管独立的应用程序将是我的主要目标。

规范文件如下(player.spec):

# -*- mode: python -*-
import pygst
pygst.require('0.10')

a = Analysis(['player.py'],
             pathex=['/Users/mymy/devel/t/simple'],
             hiddenimports=[],
             hookspath=None,
             runtime_hooks=None)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure)
exe = EXE(pyz,
          a.scripts,
          exclude_binaries=True,
          name='player',
          debug=False,
          strip=None,
          upx=True,
          console=True )
coll = COLLECT(exe,
               a.binaries,
               a.zipfiles,
               a.datas,
               strip=None,
               upx=True,
               name='player')

到目前为止，我尝试了两种策略:

1. macports:python (2.7.2)、pygst (0.10)、gst-plugins-*
2. 系统Python，GStreamer 0.10 SDK(框架)

在这两种情况下我都可以成功运行脚本。

但是，当我尝试运行捆绑的可执行文件时，我得到以下信息:

1. (Macports)

显示部分 GST 调试日志:

~/devel/t/simple/dist/player > GST_DEBUG=4 ./player
[..]
0:00:00.113260000  8313    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG           GST_REGISTRY gstregistrychunks.c:573:gboolean gst_registry_chunks_load_feature(GstRegistry *, gchar **, gchar *, GstPlugin *): Plugin 'playback' feature 'playbin2' typename : 'GstElementFactory'
0:00:00.113286000  8313    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG           GST_REGISTRY gstregistrychunks.c:621:gboolean gst_registry_chunks_load_feature(GstRegistry *, gchar **, gchar *, GstPlugin *): Element factory : 'Player Bin 2' with npadtemplates=0
0:00:00.113300000  8313    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG           GST_REGISTRY gstregistrychunks.c:649:gboolean gst_registry_chunks_load_feature(GstRegistry *, gchar **, gchar *, GstPlugin *): Reading 2 Interfaces at address 0x101971191
0:00:00.113318000  8313    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG           GST_REGISTRY gstregistry.c:558:gboolean gst_registry_add_feature(GstRegistry *, GstPluginFeature *):<registry0> adding feature 0x10097da20 (playbin2)
0:00:00.113332000  8313    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG        GST_REFCOUNTING gstobject.c:844:gboolean gst_object_set_parent(GstObject *, GstObject *):<playbin2> set parent (ref and sink)
0:00:00.113346000  8313    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG           GST_REGISTRY gstregistrychunks.c:709:gboolean gst_registry_chunks_load_feature(GstRegistry *, gchar **, gchar *, GstPlugin *): Added feature playbin2, plugin 0x100975be0 playback
[..]
0:00:00.242584000  8297    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG     GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstpluginfeature.c:106:GstPluginFeature *gst_plugin_feature_load(GstPluginFeature *): loading plugin for feature 0x10097da20; 'playbin2'
0:00:00.242620000  8297    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG     GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstpluginfeature.c:110:GstPluginFeature *gst_plugin_feature_load(GstPluginFeature *): loading plugin playback
0:00:00.242632000  8297    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG     GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:1293:GstPlugin *gst_plugin_load_by_name(const gchar *): looking up plugin playback in default registry
0:00:00.242662000  8297    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG     GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:1296:GstPlugin *gst_plugin_load_by_name(const gchar *): loading plugin playback from file /opt/local/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstplaybin.so
0:00:00.242677000  8297    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG     GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:737:GstPlugin *gst_plugin_load_file(const gchar *, GError **): attempt to load plugin "/opt/local/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstplaybin.so"
0:00:00.248338000  8297    0x1001b1a00 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:GstPlugin *gst_plugin_load_file(const gchar *, GError **): plugin "/opt/local/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstplaybin.so" loaded
0:00:00.248374000  8297    0x1001b1a00 DEBUG     GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstpluginfeature.c:115:GstPluginFeature *gst_plugin_feature_load(GstPluginFeature *): loaded plugin playback
0:00:00.248390000  8297    0x1001b1a00 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstpluginfeature.c:145:GstPluginFeature *gst_plugin_feature_load(GstPluginFeature *): Tried to load plugin containing feature 'playbin2', but feature was not found.
0:00:00.248402000  8297    0x1001b1a00 WARN     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:410:GstElement *gst_element_factory_create(GstElementFactory *, const gchar *):<playbin2> loading plugin containing feature player returned NULL!
0:00:00.248412000  8297    0x1001b1a00 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:472:GstElement *gst_element_factory_make(const gchar *, const gchar *):<playbin2> couldn't create instance!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 33, in <module>
  File "<string>", line 11, in __init__
gst.ElementNotFoundError: playbin2

获得相同的预挂结果:GST_PLUGIN_PATH=/opt/local/lib/gstreamer-0.10/

我尝试将插件及其依赖项复制到 dist/player 文件夹中，编写一个疯狂的 install_name_tool 修改脚本以更正 dylib 的路径，但结果也没有改变。

1. (GStreamer SDK)

(PYTHONPATH=/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/)

~/devel/t/simple/dist/player > ./player 
** Message: pygobject_register_sinkfunc is deprecated (GstObject)
player.py:11: Warning: cannot register existing type `GstObject'
player.py:11: Warning: g_once_init_leave: assertion `result != 0' failed
player.py:11: Warning: gtype.c:2720: You forgot to call g_type_init()

它卡在这里。如果我通过事件监视器对过程进行采样，我会得到以下结果:

[..]
_wrap_gst_element_factory_make  (in gst._gst.so)
gst_element_factory_make  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_element_factory_create  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_plugin_feature_load  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_plugin_load_by_name  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_plugin_load_file  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_plugin_register_func  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
plugin_init  (in libgstplaybin.so)
gst_play_bin2_plugin_init  (in libgstplaybin.so)
gst_pipeline_get_type  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_bin_get_type  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_child_proxy_get_type  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
gst_object_get_type  (in libgstreamer-0.10.0.dylib)
g_once_init_enter  (in libglib-2.0.0.dylib)
g_cond_wait  (in libglib-2.0.0.dylib)
_pthread_cond_wait  (in libsystem_c.dylib)
__psynch_cvwait  (in libsystem_kernel.dylib)

如果有任何提示，我们将不胜感激!

Answer 1

我终于为以下设置找到了一个可行的解决方案:

• macports(python @2.7.3、py27-gst-python @0.10.22、gstreamer010 @0.10.36)
• pyinstaller 2.1-dev (ccb6f3d3d924a0dc2f9e92aa6278c28a2d743d39)
• OSX 10.8.3

pyinstaller 规范文件(player.spec):

# -*- mode: python -*-
import os
import pygst
pygst.require('0.10')

a = Analysis(['rthook.py', 'player.py'],
             pathex=[os.curdir],
             hiddenimports=[],
             hookspath=None,
             runtime_hooks=None)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure)
exe = EXE(pyz,
          a.scripts,
          exclude_binaries=True,
          name='player',
          debug=False,
          strip=None,
          upx=True,
          console=True )
coll = COLLECT(exe,
               a.binaries,
               a.zipfiles,
               a.datas,
               strip=None,
               upx=True,
               name='player')

_gst.so 钩子(Hook)(hook-gst._gst.py):

我为 gst 创建了一个非常原始的钩子(Hook)。我尝试将其放入本地目录中，通过 Analysis 对象的 hookspath 参数引用它，但我无法弄清楚为什么 pyinstaller 忽略它。因此，我将其移至 /path/to/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/hooks 文件夹:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os

GST_PLUGINS = '/opt/local/lib/gstreamer-0.10/'

def hook(mod):
    for f in [so for so in os.listdir(GST_PLUGINS) if so[-3:].lower() == '.so']:
        mod.binaries.append((os.path.join('gst-plugins', f),
                os.path.join(GST_PLUGINS, f),
                'BINARY'))

    return mod

pyinstaller 负责计算插件的依赖关系树，将 .sos 以及依赖的 dylib 复制到位，最后修改两者的 mach'o header 。

我还创建了一个空文件 /path/to/pyinstaller/PyInstaller/hooks/hook-gst.py 来阻止 pyinstaller 提示缺少父 Hook 。而且，无论如何， Hook 代码可以直接转到 hook-gst.py。

运行时钩子(Hook)文件(rthook.py)

最后，我添加了一个在 Analysis 对象上引用的运行时 Hook 文件，该文件设置了帮助 gstreamer 查找插件的环境变量。此代码在 player.py 之前在捆绑的可执行文件上执行(按照 Kivy 设置 pyinstaller 的方式并感谢他们的宝贵提示):

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import sys

if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
    # PyInstaller >= 1.6
    root = sys._MEIPASS
elif '_MEIPASS2' in environ:
    # PyInstaller < 1.6 (tested on 1.5 only)
    root = os.environ['_MEIPASS2']
else:
    root = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])

os.chdir(root)

os.environ['GST_REGISTRY_FORK'] = 'no'
os.environ['GST_PLUGIN_PATH'] = os.path.join(root, 'gst-plugins')

似乎禁用GST_REGISTRY_FORK是取得工作成果的唯一途径。一旦扫描到第一个插件，保留默认设置(事件)就会导致段错误。

pyinstaller 调用

pyinstaller 可以通过以下方式调用:

$ /path/to/pyinstaller/pyinstaller.py player.spec