python - Python中的maketrans和replace有什么区别？

Question

如果之前有人问过这个问题，我们深表歉意。我正在尝试从字符串中删除标点符号。我知道该怎么做，但我不明白Python中maketrans和replace之间的区别。更具体地说，为什么下面的代码场景 1 会删除传入字符串中的所有标点符号，而场景 2 却不会？

场景1

def average(x):
    table = x.maketrans('.,?!:','$$$$$')
    x = x.translate(table)
    x = x.replace('$', '')
    lst1 = x.split()
    lst2 = []
    for i in lst1:
        length = len(i)
        lst2.append(len(i)) 
    average = sum(lst2) / len(lst2)

    return average

str1 = input("Enter a sentence:")

print('The average amount of chars in that sentence is: ', average(str1))

场景 2

def average(x):
    x = x.replace('.,?!:','')
    lst1 = x.split()
    lst2 = []
    for i in lst1:
        length = len(i)
        lst2.append(len(i)) 
    average = sum(lst2) / len(lst2)

    return average

str1 = input("Enter a sentence:")

print('The average amount of chars in that sentence is: ', average(str1))

Answer 1

.replace() 执行子字符串替换 - 它尝试将第一个参数的整体作为一个 block 进行匹配，并将其替换为第二个参数的整体.

.maketrans + .translate 进行字符级翻译 - 它将第一个参数中的每个单独字符替换为第二个。