python - 如何在Python中进行选项参数解析？

Question

我有

fruits = [ apple, banana , pineapple, oranges]
size = [ small, medium, large]
fruitproperties = [ color, weight] 

我的脚本旨在为所有水果和大小组合的水果属性创建 txt 文件。目前我将主目录作为命令行的参数。并编译所有组合的输出。

以下是我的代码:

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = 'Maindirectory required')
parser.add_argument('maindir' help = ' give maindir path', action = 'store')
args = parser.parse_args() 

我想做到如下:

maindir is compulsory argument 
fruit name is optional argument 

喜欢

file.py <maindirpath> 

将为所有目标进行编译

当 file.py <maindirpath> -p fruitname给出它只会针对该水果进行编译。对于它的所有组合例如:

apple-small, apple-medium and apple-large. 

Answer 1

使用 docopt 的另一个解决方案，使用人类可读的文档字符串配置您的选项解析器:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding: utf-8
"""Print Fruit permutations.

Usage:
    fruit.py <maindirpath> [--printfruit=<fruit>...]
    fruit.py --help

Arguments:
    <maindirpath>  Base directory to create files in

Options:
    -p, --printfruit=<fruit>  specify fruit to print
    -h, --help                display this help and exit
"""

from docopt import docopt

if __name__ == '__main__':
    args = docopt(__doc__)
    print(args)

<小时/>

docopt 检查语法正确性并返回字典中的给定选项:

$ ./fruit.py
Usage:
    fruit.py <maindirpath> [--printfruit=<fruit>...]
    fruit.py --help

$ ./fruit.py foobar
{'--help': False,
 '--printfruit': [],
 '<maindirpath>': 'foobar'}

$ ./fruit.py foobar -p apple -p banana
{'--help': False,
 '--printfruit': ['apple', 'banana'],
 '<maindirpath>': 'foobar'}