java - 使用内存中的 derby 对数据库层 DAO 进行单元测试

Question

我想用这个来单元测试我的 DAO 实现:

public class BaseDAOImplTest {

    private EntityManagerFactory emFactory;
    private EntityManager em;
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BaseDAOImplTest.class
            .getName());

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {

        logger.info("Starting in-memory database for unit tests");

        try {

            //Creating testDB database
            Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
            DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:derby:memory:TestingDB;create=true");
            logger.info("Building JPA EntityManager for unit tests");

            //Creating Entity Manager
            emFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("TestingDB");
            em = emFactory.createEntityManager();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testPersistExcursion() {
        BaseDAOImpl baseDao = new BaseDAOImpl(Excursion.class, em);
        Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
        c.set(2013, 8, 24);
        Excursion ex1 = createExcursion(c.getTime(), 10, "Simple excursion 1", "New York", 35);
        ex1 = baseDao.persist(ex1);
        assertEquals(baseDao.findById(ex1.getId()), ex1);
    }

    @Test
    public void testPersist() {
        try {
            Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver");
            String dbURL = "jdbc:derby:memory:TestingDB;create=true";
            Connection conn = getConnection(dbURL);
            EntityManagerFactory f = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("TestingDB");
            EntityManager em = f.createEntityManager();
            BaseDAOImpl b = new BaseDAOImpl(Excursion.class, em);
            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
            c.set(2013, 8, 24);
            Excursion ex1 = createExcursion(c.getTime(), 10, "Simple excursion 1", "New York", 35);
            ex1 = b.persist(ex1);
            assertEquals(b.findById(ex1.getId()), ex1);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(BaseDAOImplTest.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }
}

testPersist 正在工作，结果是该测​​试通过了。但在 testPersistExcursion 中，我收到 NullPointerException 错误，因为在 setUp 上我得到:

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver

我只是想将 EntityManager 添加为全局并在 setUp 中初始化，这样我就不需要在每个单元测试中再次编写这些行(我在一些文章，我认为这是一个很好的方法)。但这有什么问题呢？为什么它在单元测试中工作，但在 setUp 中我找不到该驱动程序？谢谢

编辑:

我发现了问题，那是在 Maven 中。我有错误的artifactId。但现在我在这一行遇到了 “无法构建 EntityManagerFactory” 的问题: emFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("TestingDB");

我的持久性单元:

<persistence-unit name="TestingDB" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <class>cz.infi.javatravelagency.entities.Reservation</class>
    <class>cz.infi.javatravelagency.entities.Trip</class>
    <class>cz.infi.javatravelagency.entities.Customer</class>
    <class>cz.infi.javatravelagency.entities.Excursion</class>
    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="APP"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver" value="org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="APP"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:derby:memory:TestingDB;create=true"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.autoReconnect" value="true" />  
      <property name="hibernate.connection.autoReconnectForPools" value="true" />  
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect" />  
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>

Answer 1

好的，根据我的评论，我已经尝试过这个，并且它按预期工作。运行测试时，会按预期选取 src/test/resources/META-INF 中测试特定的 persistence.xml。

然后您可以创建一个包含以下内容的 BaseDao 类:

public class BaseDao {

    private static EntityManagerFactory emf;

    public static EntityManager getEntityManager() {

        if (emf == null) {

            emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("test");
        }

        return emf.createEntityManager();
    }
}

}

这一切都好得多!