python - 康威的生命游戏没有正确计算邻居数量

Question

我正在使用 Python 编写标准的康威生命游戏程序。当我迭代数组时尝试计算邻居时遇到问题。我创建了打印语句来打印 if 语句的连续性，以及每个语句的 count 值。

这是我的代码:(我在整个代码的#内都有问题)

import random

numrows = 10
numcols = 10
def rnd():
    rn = random.randint(0,1)
    return rn

def initial():
    grid = []
    count = 0
    for x in range(numrows):
        grid.append([])
        for y in range(numcols):
            rand=random.randrange(1,3)
            if(rand == 1):
                grid[x].append('O')
            else:
                grid[x].append('-')
    for x in grid:    
        print(*x, sep=' ',end="\n") #this prints the random 2d array 

    print("")
    print("")

    answer = 'y'
    newgrid = []
    count = 0

    while(answer == 'y'): # I believe I am going through, checking neighbors
                          # and moving onto the next index inside these for 
                          #loops below
        for r in range(0,numrows):
            grid.append([])
            for c in range(0,numcols):

                if(r-1 > -1 and c-1 > -1): #I use this to check out of bound
                    if(newgrid[r-1][c-1] == 'O'):#if top left location is O
                        count = count + 1        #should get count += 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("top left check complete")
                print(count)
                if(r-1 > -1):
                    if(newgrid[r-1][c] == 'O'):
                        count = count + 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("top mid check complete")
                print(count)
                if(r-1 > -1 and c+1 < numcols):
                    if(newgrid[r-1][c+1] == 'O'):
                        count = count + 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("top right check complete")
                print(count)
                if(c-1 > -1 and r-1 > -1):
                    if(newgrid[r][c-1] == 'O'):
                        count = count + 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("mid left check complete")
                print(count)
                if(r-1 > -1 and c+1 < numcols): 
                    if(newgrid[r][c+1] == 'O'):
                        count = count + 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("mid right check complete")
                print(count)
                if(r+1 < numrows and c-1 > -1):
                    if(newgrid[r+1][c-1] == 'O'):
                        count = count + 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("bot left check complete")
                print(count)
                if(r+1 < numrows and c-1 > -1):
                    if(newgrid[r+1][c] == 'O'):
                        count = count + 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("bot mid check complete")
                print(count)
                if(r+1 < numrows and c+1 < numcols):
                    if(newgrid[r+1][c+1] == 'O'):
                        count = count + 1
                    else:
                        count = count
                print("bot right check complete")
                print(count)

# I am not sure about the formatting of the code below, how do I know that
# the newgrid[r][c] location is changing? should it be according to the for-
# loop above? Or should it get it's own? If so, how could I construct it as
# to not interfere with the other loops and items of them?


            if(newgrid[r][c] == '-' and count == 3):
                newgrid[r][c] ='O'

            elif(newgrid[r][c] == 'O' and count < 2):
                newgrid[r][c] = '-'

            elif(newgrid[r][c] == 'O' and (count == 2 or count == 3)):
                newgrid[r][c] = 'O'

            elif(newgrid[r][c] == 'O' and count > 3):
                newgrid[r][c] = '-'

# I'm also confused how to go about printing out the 'new' grid after each
# element has been evaluated and changed. I do however know that after the
# new grid prints, that I need to assign it to the old grid, so that it can
# be the 'new' default grid. How do I do this? 


        for z in newgrid:
            print(*z, sep=' ',end="\n")


        answer = input("Continue? y or n( lower case only): ")

        newgrid = grid

        if(answer != 'y'):
            print(" Hope you had a great life! Goodbye!")

initial()

这是当前的输出和错误消息:

>>> initial()
 - O - - O - - O - -
 - O - - O - - - O O
 - O - - O - O O - O
 O - - O - - O O O O
 O - O O - - - O O -
 O - O - O - O - O -
 O - O O O O - - O -
 - - - - O O O - - O
 O O - O - - O - - -
 - - O O O - O - - -
top left check complete
0
top mid check complete
0
top right check complete
0
mid left check complete
0
mid right check complete
0
bot left check complete
0
bot mid check complete
0
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<pyshell#68>", line 1, in <module>
  initial()
 File "C:\Users\Ted\Desktop\combined.py", line 86, in initial
  if(newgrid[r+1][c+1] == 'O'):
 IndexError: list index out of range

当我迭代随机数组以查看邻居是什么时，它似乎很好，直到它在检查机器人右邻居时移动到 [0][1]。

此外，中右邻居应该 + 1 才算存活。但是，即使连续使用 if 语句，count 仍然为 0？

问题 1:我怎么可能知道我的 if 条件足以满足数组所有边的 [r][c] 的每个实例？

问题 2:我当前的出界检查方法是否最适合我的情况？有没有办法在检查值之前进行“检查所有内容是否超出范围”？

我现在已经无计可施了。预先感谢您花时间帮助回答我的问题

Answer 1

您收到该索引错误是因为您的 newgrid 仅包含一个空行。并且您在 newgrid 中而不是在 grid 中测试邻居(正如 Blckknght 在评论中提到的那样)。我已经进行了一些修复，但是还有很多工作可以改进此代码。看起来它现在正在工作，但是很难判断你何时正在处理随机生命形式。 :) 我建议为您的程序提供某种使用已知生命模式(例如眨眼器和滑翔机)的方法，以查看它们的行为是否正确。

确保 newgrid 有效的最简单方法是从 grid 复制它。如果我们只是执行 newgrid = grid ，那么就会为 newgrid 对象创建另一个名称。为了正确复制列表的列表，我们需要复制每个内部列表。我的新代码使用 copy_grid 函数来实现这一点。

我修复了在邻居计数部分的 if 测试中遇到的几个小错误，并且简化了根据邻居计数更新单元格的逻辑。我还压缩了生成随机网格的代码，并且添加了一个简单的函数，可以从字符串中读取生命模式并从中构建网格。这让我们可以用 Glider 测试代码。我还添加了一个创建空网格的函数。尽管我在测试期间使用了该函数，但该程序当前并未使用该函数，我想这是一个有用的示例。 :)

import random

# Set a seed so that we get the same random numbers each time we run the program
# This makes it easier to test the program during development
random.seed(42)

numrows = 10
numcols = 10

glider = '''\
----------
--O-------
---O------
-OOO------
----------
----------
----------
----------
----------
----------
'''

# Make an empty grid
def empty_grid():
    return [['-' for y in range(numcols)]
        for x in range(numrows)]

# Make a random grid
def random_grid():
    return [[random.choice('O-') for y in range(numcols)]
        for x in range(numrows)]

# Make a grid from a pattern string
def pattern_grid(pattern):
    return [list(row) for row in pattern.splitlines()]

# Copy a grid, properly!
def copy_grid(grid):
    return [row[:] for row in grid]

# Print a grid
def show_grid(grid):
    for row in grid:
        print(*row)
    print()

def run(grid):
    show_grid(grid)

    # Copy the grid to newgrid.
    newgrid = copy_grid(grid)
    while True:
        for r in range(numrows):
            for c in range(numcols):
                # Count the neighbours, making sure that they are in bounds
                count = 0
                # Above this row
                if(r-1 > -1 and c-1 > -1): 
                    if(grid[r-1][c-1] == 'O'):
                        count += 1
                if(r-1 > -1):
                    if(grid[r-1][c] == 'O'):
                        count += 1
                if(r-1 > -1 and c+1 < numcols):
                    if(grid[r-1][c+1] == 'O'):
                        count += 1

                # On this row
                if(c-1 > -1):
                    if(grid[r][c-1] == 'O'):
                        count += 1
                if(c+1 < numcols): 
                    if(grid[r][c+1] == 'O'):
                        count += 1

                # Below this row
                if(r+1 < numrows and c-1 > -1):
                    if(grid[r+1][c-1] == 'O'):
                        count += 1
                if(r+1 < numrows):
                    if(grid[r+1][c] == 'O'):
                        count += 1
                if(r+1 < numrows and c+1 < numcols):
                    if(grid[r+1][c+1] == 'O'):
                        count += 1

                # Update the cell in the new grid
                if grid[r][c] == '-':
                    if count == 3:
                        newgrid[r][c] ='O'
                else:
                    if count < 2 or count> 3:
                        newgrid[r][c] = '-'

        # Copy the newgrid to grid
        grid = copy_grid(newgrid)
        show_grid(grid)

        answer = input("Continue? [Y/n]: ")
        if not answer in 'yY':
            print(" Hope you had a great life! Goodbye!")
            break

#grid = random_grid()
grid = pattern_grid(glider)
run(grid)

此代码确实可以正常工作，但仍有大量改进空间。例如，这是 run() 的改进版本，它通过使用几个循环来压缩邻居计数部分。

def run(grid):
    show_grid(grid)

    # Copy the grid to newgrid.
    newgrid = copy_grid(grid)
    while True:
        for r in range(numrows):
            for c in range(numcols):
                # Count the neighbours, making sure that they are in bounds
                # This includes the cell itself in the count
                count = 0
                for y in range(max(0, r - 1), min(r + 2, numrows)):
                    for x in range(max(0, c - 1), min(c + 2, numcols)):
                        count += grid[y][x] == 'O'

                # Update the cell in the new grid
                if grid[r][c] == '-':
                    if count == 3:
                        newgrid[r][c] ='O'
                else:
                    # Remember, this count includes the cell itself
                    if count < 3 or count > 4:
                        newgrid[r][c] = '-'

        # Copy the newgrid to grid
        grid = copy_grid(newgrid)
        show_grid(grid)

        answer = input("Continue? [Y/n]: ")
        if not answer in 'yY':
            print(" Hope you had a great life! Goodbye!")
            break