python - 使用 Tkinter 时出现“self”未定义错误

Question

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('Book')

class phonebook:
    def __init__(self,first_name, last_name, street, postcode, city, number):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.street = street
        self.postcode = postcode
        self.city = city
        self.number = number     

    def create(self):
        creation = tk.Tk()

        tk.Label(creation, text = 'First Name').grid(row = 0, column = 0)
        tk.Label(creation, text = 'Last Name').grid(row = 1, column = 0)
        tk.Label(creation, text = 'Stadt').grid(row = 2, column = 0)
        tk.Label(creation, text = 'Postleitzahl').grid(row = 3, column = 0)
        tk.Label(creation, text = 'Straße').grid(row = 4, column = 0)
        tk.Label(creation, text = 'Telefonnummer').grid(row = 5, column = 0)

        self.first_name = tk.Entry(creation)
        self.last_name = tk.Entry(creation)
        self.street = tk.Entry(creation)
        self.postcode = tk.Entry(creation)
        self.city = tk.Entry(creation)
        self.number = tk.Entry(creation)   


menubar = tk.Menu(root)
root.config(menu = menubar)
menubar.add_command(label = 'Anlegen', command = self.create)
menubar.add_command(label = 'Bearbeiten')
menubar.add_command(label = 'Löschen')
menubar.add_command(label = 'Sortieren')
menubar.add_command(label = 'Suche')
menubar.add_command(label = 'Hilfe')

root.mainloop() 

当我尝试上面的代码时，出现此错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Lenovo M93p/Dropbox/Uni Dropbox/EPR/EPR_Blatt05_Jonas_Emrich_Karl_Wilhelm_Viebach/geathb.py", line 45, in <module>
    menubar.add_command(label = 'Anlegen', command = self.create)
NameError: name 'self' is not defined

当我改变时:

menubar.add_command(label = 'Anlegen', command = self.create)

至:

menubar.add_command(label = 'Anlegen', command = phonebook.create)

我收到此错误:

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo M93p\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1550, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
TypeError: create() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'

我试图更改 create 函数中的某些内容，更改命令行，但每次都会出现错误。

Answer 1

慢一点:

在原始代码中，您正在调用 self 上的 create 方法，该方法未在作用域中声明。

您想要调用 phonebook 类的 create 方法，因此必须首先实例化后者。基本上是这样的:

p = phonebook(John, Doe, Evergreen Terrace, 12, Washington, 000)
p.create()

将按预期工作。在您的情况下，您通过另一个方法调用该方法，该方法将变为:

p = phonebook(...)
menubar.add_command(label = 'Anlegen', command = p.create)

<小时/>

旁注

在 Python 中，始终以大写字母开头命名您的类，例如 Phonebook。这将避免您混淆类和实例。