python - 如何将 microsoft azure SQL 服务器连接到 django webapp

Question

我正在开发 Django Web 应用程序，对于这个应用程序，我希望有一个在线数据库。碰巧我的教员授予使用某些 Microsoft Azure 服务的权限，包括 SQL 数据库。现在，我想将 Azure SQL 数据库连接到我的 Django 项目，但是我无法让它工作。我可以通过 PyCharm 的数据源 View 连接到数据库，但是在 settings.py 中使用相同的参数会产生此错误:

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x03846270>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 250, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 202, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 124, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 330, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 212, in __getitem__
conn = backend.DatabaseWrapper(db, alias)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\sqlserver_ado\base.py", line 184, in __init__
super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 96, in __init__
self.client = self.client_class(self)
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable

settings.py 中的数据库对象如下所示(敏感信息被编辑掉):

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        "ENGINE": "sqlserver_ado",
        'NAME': [databasename],
        "HOST": "tcp:[resourcegroup].database.windows.net",
        "PORT": "1433",
        "USER": [username@resourcegroup],
        "PASSWORD": [password]
    }
}

这个配置有什么问题吗？

Answer 1

根据我的经验，如果您想从 Django webapp 连接 Azure SQL 数据库，最佳实践的简单方法是遵循 django-pyodbc-azure README 安装 python 包 pyodbc 和 django-pyodbc-azure 并正确配置 Django 的 settings.py 文件，如下所示。

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc',
        'NAME': 'mydb',
        'USER': 'user@myserver',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': 'myserver.database.windows.net',
        'PORT': '',
        'OPTIONS': {
            'driver': 'ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server',
        },
    },
}