python - 我尝试在 Kickstarter 上获取不同项目的支持者和所在城市

Question

使用以下代码，我尝试从 kickstarter 获取支持者的家乡城市和地点。但是，我不断遇到以下错误:

File "D:/location", line 60, in < module >
page1 = urllib.request.urlopen(projects[counter])
IndexError: list index out of range

有人有更优雅的解决方案将页面提供给 urllib.request.urlopen 吗？ (参见 ** ** 中的行)

代码:

# coding: utf-8 
import urllib.request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver
import pandas as pd
import time 
from datetime import datetime
from collections import OrderedDict
import re

browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('https://www.kickstarter.com/discover?ref=nav')
categories = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('category-container')

category_links = []
for category_link in categories:
#Each item in the list is a tuple of the category's name and its link.category_links.append((str(category_link.find_element_by_class_name('f3').text),
                     category_link.find_element_by_class_name('bg-white').get_attribute('href')))


scraped_data = []
now = datetime.now()
counter = 1

for category in category_links:
browser.get(category[1])
browser.find_element_by_class_name('sentence-open').click()
time.sleep(2)
browser.find_element_by_id('category_filter').click()
time.sleep(2)

for i in range(27):
    try:
        time.sleep(2)
        browser.find_element_by_id('category_'+str(i)).click()
        time.sleep(2)            
    except:
        pass

#while True:
#   try:
#       browser.find_element_by_class_name('load_more').click()
#   except:
#       break           

projects = []
for project_link in browser.find_elements_by_class_name('clamp-3'):
    projects.append(project_link.find_element_by_tag_name('a').get_attribute('href'))

for project in projects:
    **page1 = urllib.request.urlopen(projects[counter])**
    soup1 = BeautifulSoup(page1, "lxml")
    **page2 = urllib.request.urlopen(projects[counter].split('?')**[0]+'/community')
    soup2 = BeautifulSoup(page2, "lxml")
    time.sleep(2)
    print(str(counter)+': '+project+'\nStatus: Started.')
    project_dict = OrderedDict()
    project_dict['Category'] = category[0]
    browser.get(project)
    project_dict['Name'] = soup1.find(class_='type-24 type-28-sm type-38-md navy-700 medium mb3').text

    project_dict['Home State'] = str(soup1.find(class_='nowrap navy-700 flex items-center medium type-12').text)

    try:
        project_dict['Backer State'] = str(soup2.find(class_='location-list-wrapper js-location-list-wrapper').text)
    except:
        pass

    print('Status: Done.')
    counter+=1
    scraped_data.append(project_dict)

later = datetime.now()
diff = later - now

print('The scraping took '+str(round(diff.seconds/60.0,2))+' minutes, and scraped '+str(len(scraped_data))+' projects.')

df = pd.DataFrame(scraped_data)
df.to_csv('kickstarter-data.csv')

Answer 1

如果您仅使用counter来打印项目状态消息，则可以使用range或enumerate来代替。以下是枚举的示例:

for counter, project in enumerate(projects): 
    ... code ...

enumerate 生成一个元组 (index, item) ，因此代码的其余部分应该可以正常工作。

还有一些事情:

列表索引从 0 开始，因此当您使用 counter 访问项目时，您会收到 IndexError，因为您使用 1 启动 counter。

在 for 循环中，您不需要 projects[counter]，只需使用 project