python - 如何使用 python 从 XML 文件中解析并仅获取所需的 XML 元素？

Question

我有一个如下所示的 XML 文件:

<rpc-reply xmlns:junos="http://xml.juniper.net/junos/15.1R5/junos">
    <vlan-information xmlns="http://xml.juniper.net/junos/15.1R5/junos-esw" junos:style="brief">
        <vlan-terse/>
        <vlan>
            <vlan-instance>0</vlan-instance>
            <vlan-name>ACRS-Dev2</vlan-name>
            <vlan-create-time>Fri Jan  1 00:37:59 2010
            </vlan-create-time>
            <vlan-status>Enabled</vlan-status>
            <vlan-owner>static</vlan-owner>
            <vlan-tag>0</vlan-tag>
            <vlan-index>2</vlan-index>
            <vlan-l3-interface>vlan.15 (UP)</vlan-l3-interface>
            <vlan-l3-interface-address>10.8.25.1/24</vlan-l3-interface-address>
            <vlan-protocol-port>Port Mode</vlan-protocol-port>
            <vlan-members-count>7</vlan-members-count>
            <vlan-members-upcount>6</vlan-members-upcount>
        </vlan>
        <vlan>
            <vlan-instance>0</vlan-instance>
            <vlan-name>default</vlan-name>
            <vlan-create-time>Fri Jan  1 00:37:59 2010
            </vlan-create-time>
            <vlan-status>Enabled</vlan-status>
            <vlan-owner>static</vlan-owner>
            <vlan-tag>0</vlan-tag>
            <vlan-index>3</vlan-index>
            <vlan-l3-interface>vlan.11 (UP)</vlan-l3-interface>
            <vlan-l3-interface-address>10.8.27.1/24</vlan-l3-interface-address>
            <vlan-protocol-port>Port Mode</vlan-protocol-port>
            <vlan-members-count>12</vlan-members-count>
            <vlan-members-upcount>2</vlan-members-upcount>
        </vlan>
    </vlan-information>
</rpc-reply>

由此，我只想要 <vlan-name>和<vlan-l3-interface-address>将被解析并保存在类似 dict/json 的变量中的标签，其格式为:

{'Vlan-Name' : vlan_name, 'Interface-Address' : interface_addr}

然后为 dicts/json 列表中的每个元素添加这些 dict/json。这是我在列表中解析和插入 json 的代码:

root = tree.getroot()
nw_pool = []
nw_json = {}
for child in root:
    for items in child:
        for item1 in items:
            if 'vlan-l3-interface-address' in item1.tag:
                interface_addr = item1.text
                nw_json['Interface-Address'] = interface_addr
            elif 'vlan-name' in item1.tag:
                vlan_name = item1.text
                nw_json['Vlan-Name'] = vlan_name
                nw_pool.append(nw_json)
print(nw_pool)

但是当我打印nw_pool时，它给我一个输出，其中重复找到的最后一个元素的 json，而不是为每个元素提供不同的字典。

输出:

[{'Vlan-Name': 'default', 'Interface-Address': '10.8.27.1/24'}, {'Vlan-Name': 'default', 'Interface-Address': '10.8.27.1/24'}]

而我想要的输出是:

[{'Vlan-Name': 'ACRS-Dev2', 'Interface-Address': '10.8.25.1/24'}, {'Vlan-Name': 'default', 'Interface-Address': '10.8.27.1/24'}] 

有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗？提前致谢。

Answer 1

您正在覆盖现有的字典，而每次迭代都需要一个新的字典。因此，您需要将 nw_json = {} 放在另一个地方:

root = tree.getroot()
nw_pool = []
for child in root:
    for items in child:
        nw_json = {}   # Work with new dict
        for item1 in items:
            if 'vlan-l3-interface-address' in item1.tag:
                interface_addr = item1.text
                nw_json['Interface-Address'] = interface_addr
            elif 'vlan-name' in item1.tag:
                vlan_name = item1.text
                nw_json['Vlan-Name'] = vlan_name
                nw_pool.append(nw_json)
print(nw_pool)