c - 如何找到字符串中每个单词的长度？

Question

我写了一个代码，它接受一个句子并输出一行中的每个单词。但我也想在它旁边写下每个单词的大小。

输入:

Hi my name is

当前输出:

Hi
my
name
is

所需输出:

Hi(2)
my(2)
name(4)
is(2)

我当前的代码:

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX 100

int main(void) {

    int c = 0;
    size_t n = 0;

    printf("\n Enter a sentence.\n\n input: ");

    /* read up to 100 characters from stdin, print each word on a line */
    while (n < MAX && (c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n')
    {
        if (c == ' ')
            printf("\n");
        else
            printf("%c", c);
        n++;
    }
    printf("\n");

    if (n == MAX) /* read and discard remaining chars in stdin */
        while ((c = getchar()) != '\n' && c != EOF);

    return 0;
}

我怎样才能做到这一点？

Answer 1

为了完整起见，另一种方法是在一次调用中读取整个输入，然后对其进行标记:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX (100)

int main(void) 
{
  int result = EXIT_SUCCESS; /* Be optimistic. */ 
  char s[MAX +1];

  printf("\n Enter a sentence.\n\n input: ");

  /* read up to 100 characters from stdin, print each word on a line */

  if (NULL == fgets(s, sizeof s, stdin))
  {
    if (ferror(stdin))
    {
      perror("fgets() failed");
      result = EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    s[strcspn(s, "\r\n")] = '\0'; /* chop off carriage return, line feed, if any */

    for (char * pc = strtok(s, " "); NULL != pc; pc = strtok(NULL, " "))
    {
      printf("%s (%zu)\n", pc, strlen(pc));
    }
  }

  return result;
}

由于从未显式使用读取缓冲区，因此以下变化也是可能的:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX (100)

int main(void) 
{
  int result = EXIT_SUCCESS; /* Be optimistic. */ 

  printf("\n Enter a sentence.\n\n input: ");

  {
  /* read up to 100 characters from stdin, print each word on a line */    
    char * pc = fgets((char[MAX+1]), MAX+1, stdin);
    if (NULL == pc)
    {
      if (ferror(stdin))
      {
        perror("fgets() failed");
        result = EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      pc[strcspn(pc, "\r\n")] = '\0'; /* chop off carriage return, line feed, if any */

      for (pc = strtok(pc, " "); NULL != pc; pc = strtok(NULL, " "))
      {
        printf("%s (%zu)\n", pc, strlen(pc));
      }
    }
  }

  return result;
}