python - 如何从一个文件中打开多个文件(行值是文件名)，然后更改其值？

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我必须做一个Python脚本来替换字符串。但这更加复杂。

我主要有一个3列的文件：


文件名
主字符串值
替换字符串值


因此，在这一点上，我需要一些第一步的技巧：


我有一个3列的输入文件-阅读此内容
对于列中的每个值，首先打开文件（名称与值相同）
在第2步的文件中，从第2列中找到一个字符串，并替换第3列中的字符串值
对输入文件中的所有行执行此操作。

最佳答案

解决此问题的一种方法：


读入制表符分隔文件
遍历文件的每一行
从行中提取数据file_name，in_string，out_string数据
阅读file_name并将in_string替换为out_string
用新替换的文字写file_name


基本演示：

# Open main file first
with open("test.txt") as f:

    # Skip headers
    next(f)

    for line in f:

        # Unpack data from line
        filename, in_string, out_string = line.split()

        # First extract text
        with open(filename) as f_in:
            f_text = f_in.read()
            f_text = f_text.replace(in_string, out_string)

        # Write new replaced text
        with open(filename, mode="w") as f_out:
            f_out.write(f_text)

另一种方法（由于我认为它有点过分，所以我之前删除了它）是先将数据存储在字典中，然后再替换文本：

from collections import defaultdict

# Read data into dictionary first
d = defaultdict(dict)
with open("test.txt") as f:

    # Get headers, not filename since this will be its own key later
    _, h2, h3 = next(f).strip().split()

    # Insert in and out strings into dictionary with filename as the key
    for line in f:
        filename, in_string, out_string = line.split()
        d[filename][h2] = in_string
        d[filename][h3] = out_string

# Process dictionary of file data
for filename, data in d.items():

    # First extract text and replace
    with open(filename) as f_in:
        f_text = f_in.read()
        f_text = f_text.replace(data['in_string'], data['out_string'])

    # Write new replaced text
    with open(filename, mode="w") as f_out:
        f_out.write(f_text)

如果要在一个文件中替换多个单词，则可以使用列表字典，该列表存储 (in_string, out_string)元组：

from collections import defaultdict

# Read data into dictionary first
d = defaultdict(list)
with open("test.txt") as f:

    # Skip headers
    next(f)

    # Insert filename in and out string
    for line in f:
        filename, in_string, out_string = line.split()
        d[filename].append((in_string, out_string))

# Deal with dictionary of file data
for filename, data in d.items():

    # First extract text
    with open(filename) as f_in:
        f_text = f_in.read()

        # Replace each in and out string
        for in_string, out_string in data:
            f_text = f_text.replace(in_string, out_string)

    # Write new replaced text
    with open(filename, mode="w") as f_out:
        f_out.write(f_text)

关于python - 如何从一个文件中打开多个文件(行值是文件名)，然后更改其值？ ，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54021157/

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Answer 1

解决此问题的一种方法：


读入制表符分隔文件
遍历文件的每一行
从行中提取数据file_name，in_string，out_string数据
阅读file_name并将in_string替换为out_string
用新替换的文字写file_name


基本演示：

# Open main file first
with open("test.txt") as f:

    # Skip headers
    next(f)

    for line in f:

        # Unpack data from line
        filename, in_string, out_string = line.split()

        # First extract text
        with open(filename) as f_in:
            f_text = f_in.read()
            f_text = f_text.replace(in_string, out_string)

        # Write new replaced text
        with open(filename, mode="w") as f_out:
            f_out.write(f_text)

另一种方法（由于我认为它有点过分，所以我之前删除了它）是先将数据存储在字典中，然后再替换文本：

from collections import defaultdict

# Read data into dictionary first
d = defaultdict(dict)
with open("test.txt") as f:

    # Get headers, not filename since this will be its own key later
    _, h2, h3 = next(f).strip().split()

    # Insert in and out strings into dictionary with filename as the key
    for line in f:
        filename, in_string, out_string = line.split()
        d[filename][h2] = in_string
        d[filename][h3] = out_string

# Process dictionary of file data
for filename, data in d.items():

    # First extract text and replace
    with open(filename) as f_in:
        f_text = f_in.read()
        f_text = f_text.replace(data['in_string'], data['out_string'])

    # Write new replaced text
    with open(filename, mode="w") as f_out:
        f_out.write(f_text)

如果要在一个文件中替换多个单词，则可以使用列表字典，该列表存储 (in_string, out_string)元组：

from collections import defaultdict

# Read data into dictionary first
d = defaultdict(list)
with open("test.txt") as f:

    # Skip headers
    next(f)

    # Insert filename in and out string
    for line in f:
        filename, in_string, out_string = line.split()
        d[filename].append((in_string, out_string))

# Deal with dictionary of file data
for filename, data in d.items():

    # First extract text
    with open(filename) as f_in:
        f_text = f_in.read()

        # Replace each in and out string
        for in_string, out_string in data:
            f_text = f_text.replace(in_string, out_string)

    # Write new replaced text
    with open(filename, mode="w") as f_out:
        f_out.write(f_text)