python - 很好地打印了 python 类的 "public"方法

Question

我正在尝试使用类在 python 中设计 API:

class SimulationApi(object):

  def hello(self):
    return "Hi"

  def echo(self, string):
    return string

  def get_foo(self):
    return self.foo

  def __init__(self):
    self.foo = 50

我想打印到控制台由该类定义的可用公共(public)方法的列表。有没有一种方法可以自动执行此操作，同时也会获取方法参数？理想情况下，输出如下所示:

SimulationApi: 
    get_foo()
    echo(string)
    hello()

到目前为止，我的解决方案是这样的，但它并不完整，而且可能是错误的方向。

print("SimulationApi: \n\t{}\n".format("\n\t".join([x+"()" for x in dir(SimulationApi) if not x.startswith("__")]))

Answer 1

您可以使用inspect模块:

class SimulationApi(object):

  def hello(self):
    return "Hi"

  def echo(self, string):
    return string

  def get_foo(self):
    return self.foo

  def __init__(self):
    self.foo = 50


import inspect
inspect.getmembers(SimulationApi)

<小时/>

将返回:

[('__class__', type),
 ('__delattr__', <slot wrapper '__delattr__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__dict__',
  mappingproxy({'__module__': '__main__',
                'hello': <function __main__.SimulationApi.hello(self)>,
                'echo': <function __main__.SimulationApi.echo(self, string)>,
                'get_foo': <function __main__.SimulationApi.get_foo(self)>,
                '__init__': <function __main__.SimulationApi.__init__(self)>,
                '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'SimulationApi' objects>,
                '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'SimulationApi' objects>,
                '__doc__': None})),
 ('__dir__', <method '__dir__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__doc__', None),
 ('__eq__', <slot wrapper '__eq__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__format__', <method '__format__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__ge__', <slot wrapper '__ge__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__getattribute__', <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__gt__', <slot wrapper '__gt__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__hash__', <slot wrapper '__hash__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__init__', <function __main__.SimulationApi.__init__(self)>),
 ('__init_subclass__', <function SimulationApi.__init_subclass__>),
 ('__le__', <slot wrapper '__le__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__lt__', <slot wrapper '__lt__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__module__', '__main__'),
 ('__ne__', <slot wrapper '__ne__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__new__', <function object.__new__(*args, **kwargs)>),
 ('__reduce__', <method '__reduce__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__reduce_ex__', <method '__reduce_ex__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__repr__', <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__setattr__', <slot wrapper '__setattr__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__sizeof__', <method '__sizeof__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__str__', <slot wrapper '__str__' of 'object' objects>),
 ('__subclasshook__', <function SimulationApi.__subclasshook__>),
 ('__weakref__', <attribute '__weakref__' of 'SimulationApi' objects>),
 ('echo', <function __main__.SimulationApi.echo(self, string)>),
 ('get_foo', <function __main__.SimulationApi.get_foo(self)>),
 ('hello', <function __main__.SimulationApi.hello(self)>)]

注意:您的方法(您想要获取信息的方法)也是 SimulationApi 类字典 __dict__。

您可以获得 echo 函数的完整代码，如下所示:

import inspect
lines = inspect.getsource(SimulationApi.echo)
print(lines)

<小时/>

  def echo(self, string):
    return string