python - 在python中，有没有办法使用类和继承将两个(或更多)按钮输出到屏幕上？

Question

问题:我正在创建一个小游戏，我正在尝试找出主菜单屏幕。我想在某些位置有两个按钮，但是，我似乎无法真正将它们显示在屏幕上。

我尝试调用我制作的 Button 类(这可能有问题，我不太确定)，并且我尝试移动该行代码。我也尝试过创建该类的实例，但这似乎根本不起作用。

下面是我的主要游戏类(父类):

pygame.init()
winWidth = 1000
winHeight= 600
FPS = 27
WHITE = (255,255,255)
BLACK = (0,0,0)
RED = (200,0,0)
LIGHTRED = (255,96,96)
TITLE_FONT_SIZE = 60
MENU_FONT = 'oldenglishtext'

class mainMenu():
    def __init__ (self):
        self.title = pygame.display.set_caption('Game')
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((winWidth, winHeight))
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        self.running = True
        self.state = 'menu'

    def run(self):
        while self.running:
            if self.state == 'menu':
                self.menuEvents()
                self.menuDraw()
                Button(self.screen, 400, 200, 200, 75, RED, LIGHTRED)
            elif self.state == 'options':
                pass

            self.clock.tick(FPS)
    def menuEvents(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()

    def menuDraw(self):
        self.screen.fill(WHITE)
        self.drawText('GAME', self.screen, (winWidth//2, winHeight-575),
                      TITLE_FONT_SIZE, BLACK, MENU_FONT)
        pygame.display.update()


    def drawText(self, words, screen, pos, size, colour, fontName):
        font = pygame.font.SysFont(fontName, size)
        text = font.render(words, False, colour)
        textSize = text.get_size()
        pos = list(pos)
        pos[0] = pos[0] - textSize[0]//2
        pos[1] = pos[1] - textSize[1]//2
        pos = tuple(pos)
        screen.blit(text, pos)

下面是我的按钮类(子类):

    def __init__(self, screen, buttonX, buttonY, buttonWidth, buttonHeight, colour, hoverColour):
        super().__init__()
        self.buttonX = buttonX
        self.buttonY = buttonY
        self.buttonWidth = buttonWidth
        self.buttonHeight = buttonHeight
        self.hovered = False
        self.screen = screen

    def mouseHovering(self, pos):
        self.mouse = mouse
        self.button = button
        mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
            if button.collidepoint(event.pos):
                pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.hoverColour, ((self.buttonX,self.buttonY),(self.buttonWidth,self.buttonHeight)))
                return True
            else:
                pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.colour, ((self.buttonX,self.buttonY),(self.buttonWidth,self.buttonHeight)))
                return False
    def buttonUpdate(self):
        if self.mouseHovering(pos):
            self.hovered = True
        else:
            self.hovered = False
    def setColour(self, colour, hoverColour):
        self.colour = colour
        self.hoverColour = hoverColour

    def drawButton(self):
        if self.hovered:
            pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.hoverColour,((self.buttonX,self.buttonY),(self.buttonWidth,self.buttonHeight)))
            print("hovered")
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.colour, ((self.buttonX,self.buttonY),(self.buttonWidth,self.buttonHeight)))
            print("not hovered")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    game = mainMenu()
    game.run()

我希望按钮实际出现在屏幕上，并且当我将鼠标悬停在按钮上时能够改变颜色。最终我将添加文本和点击功能，但现在我希望拥有这些基本功能。目前，代码输出游戏标题，仅输出其他内容。

Answer 1

首先，你忘记了Button.__init__

self.colour = colour
self.hoverColour = hoverColour

<小时/>

要查看两个按钮，您必须创建 Button 类的两个实例在__init__

def __init__ (self):
    self.title = pygame.display.set_caption('Game')
    self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((winWidth, winHeight))
    self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    self.running = True
    self.state = 'menu'

    self.button1 = Button(self.screen, 400, 200, 200, 75, RED, LIGHTRED)
    self.button2 = Button(self.screen, 400, 400, 200, 75, RED, LIGHTRED)

以及后来在 menuDraw() 中绘制按钮

def menuDraw(self):
    self.screen.fill(WHITE)

    self.button1.drawButton()
    self.button2.drawButton()

    self.drawText('GAME', self.screen, (winWidth//2, winHeight-575),
                  TITLE_FONT_SIZE, BLACK, MENU_FONT)
    pygame.display.update()

<小时/>

至于悬停，你必须使用 mouseHovering在menuEvent但你在mouseHovering中有错误- 您使用变量 mouse button , even该函数中不存在它，并且您不将它们用作 def mouseHovering(...) 中的参数

但你只需要event作为参数，因为它包含有关鼠标位置、鼠标按钮等的信息

def mouseHovering(self, event):
    if event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
        self.hovered = self.rect.collidepoint(event.pos)

但这需要将按钮大小和位置保持在 pygame.Rect()

class Button():

    def __init__(self, screen, buttonX, buttonY, buttonWidth, buttonHeight, colour, hoverColour):
        super().__init__()

        self.buttonX = buttonX
        self.buttonY = buttonY
        self.buttonWidth = buttonWidth
        self.buttonHeight = buttonHeight

        self.hovered = False
        self.screen = screen

        self.colour = colour # forgot
        self.hoverColour = hoverColour

        self.rect = pygame.Rect(self.buttonX, self.buttonY, self.buttonWidth, self.buttonWidth)

然后你可以使用mouseHovering在menuEvent

def menuEvents(self):
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
        self.button1.mouseHovering(event)
        self.button2.mouseHovering(event)

<小时/>

编辑:其他更改后的代码。它在按钮上显示文本。它使用类 pygame.Rect()将文本在按钮上居中(有一些问题，但对于其他元素，它可以正确居中)。它生成 draw_text()仅一次，因为它永远不会改变。

import pygame

# --- constants --- (UPPER_CASE_NAMES)

WIN_WIDTH  = 1000
WIN_HEIGHT = 600

FPS = 27

WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

RED      = (200, 0, 0)
LIGHTRED = (255, 96, 96)

GREEN      = (0, 200, 0)
LIGHTGREEN = (96, 255, 96)

TITLE_FONT_SIZE = 60
MENU_FONT = 'oldenglishtext'

# --- classes --- (UpperCaseNames)

class Button():

    def __init__(self, screen, x, y, width, height, color, hover_color, text):
        super().__init__()

        self.screen = screen
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, width, height)

        self.color = color
        self.hover_color = hover_color
        self.text = text

        self.hovered = False

        # create image with text
        font = pygame.font.SysFont(MENU_FONT, TITLE_FONT_SIZE)
        self.text_image = font.render(text, False, WHITE)
        self.text_rect = self.text_image.get_rect()
        # center text on button
        self.text_rect.center = self.rect.center

    def handle_events(self, event):
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
            self.hovered = self.rect.collidepoint(event.pos)

    def update(self):
        pass
        # not needed at this moment

    def draw(self):
        if self.hovered:
            color = self.hover_color
        else:
            color = self.color            

        # draw button
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, color, self.rect)
        # draw text on button
        self.screen.blit(self.text_image, self.text_rect)


class MainMenu():

    def __init__ (self):
        self.title = pygame.display.set_caption('Game')

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT))
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        self.running = True
        self.state = 'menu'

        self.button1 = Button(self.screen, 400, 200, 200, 75, RED, LIGHTRED, "HELLO")
        self.button2 = Button(self.screen, 400, 400, 200, 75, GREEN, LIGHTGREEN, "WORLD")

        # generate text only once because it doesn't change 
        self.text_image, self.text_rect = self.draw_text('GAME', (self.screen_rect.centerx, self.screen_rect.bottom-575), TITLE_FONT_SIZE, BLACK, MENU_FONT)

    def run(self):
        while self.running:
            if self.state == 'menu':
                self.handle_events()
                self.draw()
            elif self.state == 'options':
                pass

            self.clock.tick(FPS)

    def handle_events(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                exit()

            self.button1.handle_events(event)
            self.button2.handle_events(event)

    def draw(self):

        self.screen.fill(WHITE)

        self.button1.draw()
        self.button2.draw()

        self.screen.blit(self.text_image, self.text_rect)

        pygame.display.update()


    def draw_text(self, words, pos, size, color, font_name):
        font = pygame.font.SysFont(font_name, size) # it could be done once at start in __init__
        image = font.render(words, False, color)
        rect = image.get_rect()
        rect.centerx = pos[0]
        rect.top = pos[1]
        return image, rect

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pygame.init()
    game = MainMenu()
    game.run()
#    pygame.quit()