python - 画圆不显示

Question

我需要在一些文本后面画一个圆圈。

在棋盘上，我成功地显示了三个字母:“P”代表长枪兵，“K”代表骑士，“A”代表弓箭手。

目前我正在尝试在棋盘上的某个位置显示一个圆圈，一旦我真正看到它，我就会传递正确的坐标。

这些字母是红色的，只是为了测试目的，但将来它们将是黑色或白色。因此需要这个圆圈，以便我能够看到黑色方 block 上的黑色字母。

我现在不在乎圆圈是什么颜色，但我也在想不要实际填充圆圈，而只是画轮廓。

Unit是父类，Pikeman、Archer、Knight是子类。我宁愿从 Unit 类中绘制圆圈，因为它是三个子类共有的一个“变量”(如果我们愿意的话)。

我尝试在 Unit 类中创建一个曲面，然后从那里画一个圆。无法使其工作。

我尝试在 Unit 类中创建一个表面并从子类中绘制它。无法使其工作。

因此，我决定创建一个 CircleSurface 类，创建该类的一个实例并将其传递给绘制方法。不，不起作用!

正如我所说，我宁愿从 Unit 类中绘制圆，而不必创建 CircleSurface 类。

import pygame
import sys
from coordinator import coordinator

# Sets up the display
pygame.init()
window_size = (800, 800)
game_window = pygame.display.set_mode(size=window_size)
pygame.display.set_caption('My Game')


# Defines classes and related methods
class WhiteSquare:
    def __init__(self):
        self.height = int(window_size[0] / 8)
        self.width = int(window_size[1] / 8)
        self.white_square = pygame.Surface((self.height, self.width))
        self.white_square.fill((255, 255, 255))


class BlackSquare:
    def __init__(self):
        self.height = int(window_size[0] / 8)
        self.width = int(window_size[1] / 8)
        self.black_square = pygame.Surface((self.height, self.width))
        self.black_square.fill((0, 0, 0))


class ChessBoard:
    def __init__(self):
        self.ws = ws
        self.bs = bs
        self.white_columns = white_columns
        self.black_columns = black_columns

    def draw(self):
        for w_columns in self.white_columns:
            game_window.blit(self.ws.white_square, w_columns)

        for b_columns in self.black_columns:
            game_window.blit(self.bs.black_square, b_columns)


# class SquareNames:
#     letters = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H']
#     numbers = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8']
#     square_names = []
#     for letter in letters:
#         for number in numbers:
#             square_name = letter + number
#             square_names.append(square_name)
#     print((square_names))
#     # for coordinate in
#     # coordinates = (square_name : coordinate)

class CircleSurface:
    def __init__(self):
        self.circle_surface = pygame.Surface((100, 100))
        self.circle_surface.fill((0, 0, 255))


class Unit:
    def __init__(self):
        self.surface = pygame.Surface((100, 100))
        self.my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('Time New Roman', 100)
        self.cs = cs

    def draw_circle(self):
        pygame.draw.circle(self.cs.circle_surface, (0, 255, 0), (200, 200), 50)


class Pikeman(Unit):
    unit_type = 'P'
    destination = (125, 125)

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.img = self.my_font.render(self.unit_type, 1, (255, 0, 0))

    def draw(self, surface):
        surface.blit(self.img, self.destination)


class Archer(Unit):
    unit_type = 'A'
    destination = (525, 525)

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.img = self.my_font.render(self.unit_type, 1, (255, 0, 0))

    def draw(self, surface):
        surface.blit(self.img, self.destination)


class Knight(Unit):
    unit_type = 'K'
    destination = (325, 525)

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.img = self.my_font.render(self.unit_type, 1, (255, 0, 0))

    def draw(self, surface):
        surface.blit(self.img, self.destination)


# Sets and gets the coordinates for black and white squares
coordinator = coordinator()
black_columns = coordinator[2] + coordinator[3]
white_columns = coordinator[0] + coordinator[1]

# Creates needed objects
ws = WhiteSquare()
bs = BlackSquare()
cb = ChessBoard()
p = Pikeman()
a = Archer()
k = Knight()
cs = CircleSurface()


# Event loop (outer)
while 1:

    # Event loop (inner)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
    # Draws needed objects and updates display
    cb.draw()
    p.draw(game_window)
    p.draw_circle()
    k.draw(game_window)
    a.draw(game_window)
    pygame.display.update()

显示的错误如下:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/oricc/PycharmProjects/designAChessboardChallange/display.py", line 117, in <module>
    p = Pikeman()
  File "C:/Users/oricc/PycharmProjects/designAChessboardChallange/display.py", line 77, in __init__
    super().__init__()
  File "C:/Users/oricc/PycharmProjects/designAChessboardChallange/display.py", line 66, in __init__
    self.cs = cs
NameError: name 'cs' is not defined

Answer 1

构造Pikeman、Archer和Knight实例时， undefined object cs。

只需之前创建CircleSurface实例即可解决问题。例如:

cs = CircleSurface()
p = Pikeman()
a = Archer()
k = Knight()

<小时/>

但我建议将 CircleSurface 对象作为参数传递:

class Unit:
    def __init__(self, cs):
        self.surface = pygame.Surface((100, 100))
        self.my_font = pygame.font.SysFont('Time New Roman', 100)
        self.cs = cs

    def draw_circle(self):
        pygame.draw.circle(self.cs.circle_surface, (0, 255, 0), (200, 200), 50)

class Pikeman(Unit):
    unit_type = 'P'
    destination = (125, 125)

    def __init__(self, cs):
        super().__init__(cs)
        self.img = self.my_font.render(self.unit_type, 1, (255, 0, 0))

    def draw(self, surface):
        surface.blit(self.img, self.destination)

cs = CircleSurface()
p = Pikeman(cs)

对弓箭手和骑士执行相同的操作。

<小时/>

此外，您还要确保圆表面的像素格式将包含每像素 alpha，并且您必须在圆表面上绘制圆:

class CircleSurface:
    def __init__(self):
        self.circle_surface = pygame.Surface((100, 100), flags=pygame.SRCALPHA)
        self.circle_surface.fill((0, 0, 0, 0))
        pygame.draw.circle(self.circle_surface, (0, 255, 0), (50, 50), 50)

blit 圆表面到窗口表面

class Unit:
    # [...]

    def draw_circle(self, surface):
        surface.blit(self.cs.circle_surface, (200, 200))

p.draw_circle(game_window)