python - 在 pyOpenGL 中对齐各个对象以创建更大的聚合对象

Question

我正在尝试使用圆环、圆柱体和长方体的组合在 PyOpenGL 中创建一个关键对象。我能够在窗口中央分别获取这三个单独的对象，但是当我尝试将所有这些对象合并到一个窗口中时，我无法做到这一点。

这是代码。

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *

vertices = (
    (0.75, -0.25, -0.5),
    (0.75, 0.25, -0.5),
    (-0.75, 0.25, -0.5),
    (-0.75, -0.25, -0.5),
    (0.75, -0.25, 0.5),
    (0.75, 0.25, 0.5),
    (-0.75, -0.25, 0.5),
    (-0.75, 0.25, 0.5),
    )

edges = (
    (0,1),
    (0,3),
    (0,4),
    (2,1),
    (2,3),
    (2,7),
    (6,3),
    (6,4),
    (6,7),
    (5,1),
    (5,4),
    (5,7),
    )

surfaces = (
    (0,1,2,3),
    (3,2,7,6),
    (6,7,5,4),
    (4,5,1,0),
    (1,5,7,2),
    (4,0,3,6),
    )

colors = (
    (1,0,0),
    (0,1,0),
    (0,0,1),
    (0,0,0),
    (1,1,1),
    (0,1,1),
    )

def draw_cuboid():
    glBegin(GL_QUADS)
    for surface in surfaces:
        x = 0
        for vertex in surface:
            x+=1
            glColor3fv(colors[x])
            glVertex3fv(vertices[vertex])
    glEnd()

    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    for egde in edges:
        for vertex in egde:
            glVertex3fv(vertices[vertex])
    glEnd()

def draw_cylinder():
    glRotatef(1, 1, 1.25, 12.5)
    glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
    quadratic = gluNewQuadric()
    gluQuadricNormals(quadratic, GLU_SMOOTH)
    gluQuadricTexture(quadratic, GL_TRUE)
    gluCylinder(quadratic, 0.15, 0.15, 2.5, 32, 32)

def draw_torus():
    glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
    glutWireTorus(0.2, 0.8, 50, 50)

def main():
    pygame.init()
    glutInit()
    display = (800,600)
    pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)

    gluPerspective(75, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 50.0)

    glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -5)

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    glTranslatef(-0.5, 0, 0)
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    glTranslatef(0.5, 0, 0)

                if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    glTranslatef(0, 0.5, 0)
                if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    glTranslatef(0, -0.5, 0)

                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                    glRotatef(5, 0, 1, 0)   

            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                if event.button == 4:
                    glTranslatef(0, 0, 1.0)
                if event.button == 5:
                    glTranslatef(0, 0, -1.0)


        glRotatef(1, 3, 1, 1)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        draw_cuboid()
        draw_torus()
        draw_cylinder()
        pygame.display.flip()
        pygame.time.wait(10)

main()

我得到的输出如下。 output

如您所见，所有三个对象都是从窗口中心生成的。

1. 如何更改它们的位置以获得像 key 一样的对象，即圆柱体(沿 y 轴对齐)位于中心，圆环位于其顶部，长方体位于另一端的尖端？
2. 如何使该键与 y 轴对齐(默认情况下不变，不旋转)，并通过按空格键，我可以开始/停止整个对象沿 y 轴的旋转？

Answer 1

    glRotatef(1, 3, 1, 1)
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

    glTranslate(0.9, 0, 2)
    draw_cuboid()
    glTranslate(-0.9, 0, -2)

    glRotate(90,1,0,0)
    glTranslate(0,-1,0)
    draw_torus()
    glTranslate(0, 1, 0);
    glRotate(-90, 1, 0, 0)

    draw_cylinder()
    pygame.display.flip()
    pygame.time.wait(10)