python - 在 ModelForm 中仅将日期时间字段显示为小时和分钟(不显示日期)

Question

我正在 Django 上构建日历。当用户单击日历上的某一天时，他会被重定向到 CreateEventForm，在其中他可以创建在他单击的当天 (selected_date) 发生的事件。为了让用户免去输入所选日期的麻烦，我使用 get_form_kwargs() 将 selected_date 发送到表单并预填充 start_time 和 end-time 字段。这样，他只需要输入事件的start_time和end_time的小时和分钟即可。

我的问题

目前，整个“%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M”格式显示如下:

我只想显示 %H:%M。但我想确保日期时间对象仍然包含日期；只是它不会显示给最终用户，如下所示:

我尝试使用表单小部件格式化日期时间对象，但它似乎不起作用。当我将字段格式设置为“%H:%M”时，该字段显示如下:

表单

class EventForm(ModelForm):
  class Meta:
    model = Event
    widgets = {
      'start_time': DateInput(attrs={'type': 'datetime-local'}, format='%H:%M'),
      'end_time': DateInput(attrs={'type': 'datetime-local'}, format='%H:%M'),
    }
    fields = '__all__'

  def __init__(self, selected_date, *args, **kwargs):
    super(EventForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    self.fields['start_time'].initial = selected_date
    self.fields['end_time'].initial = selected_date
    self.fields['start_time'].input_formats = ('%H:%M',)
    self.fields['end_time'].input_formats = ('%H:%M',)

模型

class Event(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    description = models.TextField()
    start_time = models.DateTimeField()
    end_time = models.DateTimeField()

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('cal:calendar')

观看次数

class EventCreateView(generic.CreateView):
    model = Event
    template_name = 'cal/event.html'
    form_class = EventForm

    def get_form_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = super(EventCreateView, self).get_form_kwargs()
        selected_date_str = self.request.GET.get('date', None)
        selected_date = datetime.strptime(selected_date_str, '%Y-%m-%d')
        kwargs.update({'selected_date': selected_date})
        return kwargs

class EventUpdateView(generic.UpdateView):
    model = Event
    template_name = 'cal/event.html'
    form_class = EventForm

模板

{% extends 'cal/base.html' %}
{% load crispy_forms_tags %}

{% block title %}
Event
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<div class="clearfix">
  <a class="btn btn-info left" href="{% url 'cal:calendar' %}"> Calendar </a>
</div>
<div class="container">

<form method="post">
  <div class="form-group">
      {% csrf_token %}
      {% if form.instance.pk %}
          <h3 class="center">{{ form.instance.start_time }}</h3>
      {% else %}
          <h3 class="center">{{selected_date}}</h3>
      {% endif %}

      <div class="col-4">{{ form.title | as_crispy_field }}</div>
      <div class="col-4">{{ form.description | as_crispy_field }}</div>
      <div class="col-4">{{ form.start_time | as_crispy_field }}</div>
      <div class="col-4">{{ form.end_time | as_crispy_field }}</div>

      {% if form.instance.pk %}
          <a href="{% url 'cal:event_delete' pk=event.pk %}" class="btn btn-danger"> Delete </a>
      {% endif %}
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info"> Submit </button>

</div>

</form>
{% endblock %}

Answer 1

1. 重写 clean 方法来处理创建 datetime 对象
2. 我很确定您需要一个 DateTimeInput 小部件
3. 使用 selected_date 在表单上添加隐藏字段

class EventForm(ModelForm):
    start_time = forms.DateTimeField(required=True, input_formats=['%H:%M'], localize=True, widget=forms.DateTimeInput)
    end_time = forms.DateTimeField(required=True, input_formats=['%H:%M'], localize=True, widget=forms.DateTimeInput)
    selected_date = forms.DateField(required=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Event
        fields = ['title', 'description', 'start_time', 'end_time', 'selected_date']

    def __init__(self, selected_date, *args, **kwargs):
        super(EventForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['selected_date'].initial = selected_date

    def clean(self):

        end_time = self.cleaned_data['end_time']
        end_time = end_time.replace(year = self.cleaned_data['selected_date'].year)
        end_time = end_time.replace(month = self.cleaned_data['selected_date'].month)
        end_time = end_time.replace(day = self.cleaned_data['selected_date'].day)

        start_time = self.cleaned_data['start_time']
        start_time = start_time.replace(year = self.cleaned_data['selected_date'].year)
        start_time = start_time.replace(month = self.cleaned_data['selected_date'].month)
        start_time = start_time.replace(day = self.cleaned_data['selected_date'].day)

        return self.cleaned_data.update({'end_time': end_time, 'start_time': start_time})

要将 selected_date 发布到您的 EventCreateView(当用户从​​您的模板提交表单时发生)，请将以下内容添加到您的模板中:

<form>
...
    <input id="selected_date" type="hidden" name="selected_date" value="{{ selected_date }}">
...
</form>

与从请求中自动提取title和description并保存到表单中的方式相同，selected_date也将被提取由 Django .发生这种情况是因为 view you're using automatically gets the POST data和 passes it to your form class 。因此，您可以在 clean() 方法中使用 hidden 字段中的 selected_date 值，然后我们用它来创建完整的 datetime 对象并将它们传回表单框架，表单框架将为您保存它们。

有关隐藏元素的更多信息，请参见 here .

注意:这要求您在 POST 请求期间，在用户填写 end_time 和 start_time 后，将 selected_date 传回。这是因为如果字符串匹配，Django 的表单框架将自动获取该值。 (如果您需要帮助，请发布您的模板代码。)

我的更改依赖于 Django 表单的实现细节。 docs for the clean method状态:

The form subclass’s clean() method can perform validation that requires access to multiple form fields. This is where you might put in checks such as “if field A is supplied, field B must contain a valid email address”. This method can return a completely different dictionary if it wishes, which will be used as the cleaned_data.