python - 尝试使用 pandas datareader 获取股票数据时出现 SSL 错误

Question

我正在使用以下代码使用 pandas datareader 从雅虎财经获取股票数据。

我使用spyder/anaconda platfrom运行代码。

此外，我有一个 ISP，它使用内容过滤服务来阻止内容，因为当我禁用该服务时，我可以访问数据。与 ISP 客服交谈后，他们告诉我必须下载并安装证书。

我已经下载了证书。我怎样才能让 anaconda 知道证书？

还有其他想法可以帮助我在不长期禁用内容过滤服务的情况下获取数据吗？

Python 3.7.5 (default, Oct 31 2019, 15:18:51) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 7.11.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.


from pandas_datareader import data
# First day
start_date = '2014-01-01'
# Last day
end_date = '2018-01-01'
# Call the function DataReader from the class data
goog_data = data.DataReader('GOOG', 'yahoo', start_date, end_date)


Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\contrib\pyopenssl.py", line 485, in wrap_socket
    cnx.do_handshake()

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\OpenSSL\SSL.py", line 1934, in do_handshake
    self._raise_ssl_error(self._ssl, result)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\OpenSSL\SSL.py", line 1671, in _raise_ssl_error
    _raise_current_error()

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\OpenSSL\_util.py", line 54, in exception_from_error_queue
    raise exception_type(errors)

Error: [('SSL routines', 'tls_process_server_certificate', 'certificate verify failed')]


During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 672, in urlopen
    chunked=chunked,

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 376, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 994, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 394, in connect
    ssl_context=context,

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 370, in ssl_wrap_socket
    return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\contrib\pyopenssl.py", line 491, in wrap_socket
    raise ssl.SSLError("bad handshake: %r" % e)

SSLError: ("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'tls_process_server_certificate', 'certificate verify failed')])",)


During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 449, in send
    timeout=timeout

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 720, in urlopen
    method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 436, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))

MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='finance.yahoo.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /quote/GOOG/history?period1=1388541600&period2=1514858399&interval=1d&frequency=1d&filter=history (Caused by SSLError(SSLError("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'tls_process_server_certificate', 'certificate verify failed')])")))


During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-1-54640caabbf2>", line 7, in <module>
    goog_data = data.DataReader('GOOG', 'yahoo', start_date, end_date)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\util\_decorators.py", line 208, in wrapper
    return func(*args, **kwargs)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\data.py", line 387, in DataReader
    session=session,

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\base.py", line 251, in read
    df = self._read_one_data(self.url, params=self._get_params(self.symbols))

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\yahoo\daily.py", line 153, in _read_one_data
    resp = self._get_response(url, params=params)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\base.py", line 155, in _get_response
    response = self.session.get(url, params=params, headers=headers)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 546, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 533, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 646, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)

  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 514, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)

SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='finance.yahoo.com', port=443): 
Max retries exceeded with 
url: /quote/GOOG/history?period1=1388541600&period2=1514858399&interval=1d&frequency=1d&filter=history
 (Caused by SSLError(SSLError("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'tls_process_server_certificate', 'certificate verify failed')])")))

Answer 1

我刚刚遇到了类似的问题，当时我使用请求连接到服务器来下载数据。

我的假设是该错误表明我拥有的证书不正确或丢失。因此，我重新下载了 cacert.pem 文件，它是一组 CA 证书，并将其放在“python27/Lib/site-packages”下的“certifi”文件夹中。您可以在这里下载cacert.pem

然后我访问该网站，单击搜索栏中的 block 图标，导出所有证书并将其复制到文件“cacert.pem”中。 (继续时将文件导出为 Base-64)。

保存文件后，我的程序运行没有任何错误。 :)