Python错误 " missing 1 required positional argument: ' self '“

Question

Python 新手。尝试创建一个简单的示例来演示 2 个级别的抽象。收到错误 TypeError: 'HPNotebook' 对象不可调用“

我已经浏览了大量的例子，但仍然被难住了。

为了理解，我在代码中显示了 3 个级别。
你能给我指出一些有助于解释这个问题以及如何消除它的地方吗？提供有关如何纠正此问题的建议。谢谢

from abc import abstractmethod,ABC   #this is to allow abstraction. the ABC forces inherited classes to implement the abstracted methods.

class TouchScreenLaptop(ABC):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    @abstractmethod      #indicates the following method is an abstract method.
    def scroll(self):    # a function within the parent
        pass             #specifically indicates this is not being defined
    @abstractmethod      #indicates the following method is an abstract method.
    def click(self):    
        pass             #specifically indicates this is not being defined

class HP(TouchScreenLaptop):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    @abstractmethod         #indicates the following method is an abstract method.
    def click(self):    
        pass  
    def scroll(self):
        print("HP Scroll")

class HPNotebook(HP):
    def __init__(self):
        self()
    def click(self):
        print("HP Click")    
    def scroll(self):
        HP.scroll()

hp1=HPNotebook()
hp1.click()                  #the 2 level deep inherited function called by this instance
hp1.scroll()                 #the 1 level deep inherited function called by this instance

Answer 1

只需在 HPNotebook.__init__ 上将 self() 替换为 super() 并替换 HP.scroll() 在 HPNotebook.scroll 上使用 super().scroll()。

class HPNotebook(HP):
    def __init__(self):
        super()
    def click(self):
        print("HP Click")    
    def scroll(self):
        super().scroll()

另外，请检查this link为了更好地理解 python 继承。