python - 如何在 matplotlib 中在 3D 表面上绘制一条线

Question

我有一个 3D 绘图，想在绘图表面绘制几条线。我不清楚应该如何组织线条数据以使其落在表面上。

对以下代码的一些解释:我对描述 Rubisco enzyme (在光合作用中至关重要) active 的温度敏感性参数进行了敏感性分析。活化能 Ha 是该方程中的唯一参数。

函数plot_TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics绘制3D图。现在，我希望在表面上看到函数 TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics 中描述的 4 个参数中每一个参数的行，并且每行都有很好的标签。

关于如何构建这些行的数据的一些提示将非常感激!

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np

cRefTmp_C           = 25.                # [C]
cRefTmp_K           = cRefTmp_C + 273.15 # [K]
MolarGasConstant    = 8.314472           # [J mol-1 K-1]

def TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics(Ha, LeafTemperature_C):
    """
        multiplier for temperature effects on Kc, K0, Ri and GammaStar [ - ]
        formula thesis Manfred Forstreuter p 66 (eq 2.41) 

        Parameter            ParameterValue
        cHaOfGammaStar   29000  
        cHaOfK0      35900
        cHaOfKc      59500
        cHaOfRi      46390   

        refs for equation:
        Harley P.C., Thomas R.B., Reynolds J.F., Strain B.R., 1992. 
            Modelling photosynthesis of cotton grown in elevated CO2. Plant, Cell Environ. 15: 271-282.
        Farquhar G.D., von Caemmerer S. & Berry J.A., 1980. 
            A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species. Planta 149: 78-90.

    """
    LeafTemperature_K = LeafTemperature_C + 273.15               # from Celsius to Kelvin
    return exp(Ha * (LeafTemperature_K - cRefTmp_K) / (MolarGasConstant * LeafTemperature_K * cRefTmp_K))


def plot_TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics():
    Ha     = np.arange(25000., 60000., 1000.)
    T      = np.arange(0., 30., 1)
    Ha,T   = np.meshgrid(Ha,T)
    TEff   = TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics(Ha, T)

    fig = plt.figure()
    fig = plt.figure(facecolor='White')
    ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

    surf = ax.plot_surface(Ha,T,TEff, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
           linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

    ax.set_zlim(TEff.min() ,TEff.max())
    ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
    ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))
    fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)

    ax.set_title('Effect of temperature on Michaelis Menten-parameters \n at different Ha values')
    ax.set_xlabel('Activation energy, Ha (J mol-1)')
    ax.set_ylabel('Leaf surface temperature (C)')
    ax.set_zlabel('T-multiplier to reference value')


    plt.show()

plot_TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics()

Answer 1

从你的问题中并不完全清楚你想要绘制哪些“线”，但我的猜测是你想要评估 TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics 的一些固定值 Ha (cHaOfGammaStar、cHaOfK0 等)和相同的温度值范围(0 到 30，步长为 1)。

例如，要绘制cHaOfGammaStar，您可以执行以下操作:

cHaOfGammaStar = np.array([29000])
z = TemperatureEffectOnRuBisCOKinetics(cHaOfGammaStar, T)

# we need to hold the axes to plot on top of the surface
ax.hold(True)

# we multiply cHaOfGammaStar by a vector of ones to make it the same length
# as T and z
l, = ax.plot(cHaOfGammaStar * np.ones(T.size), T, z, '--k')

# create a figure legend
ax.figure.legend((l,), ('cHaOfGammaStar',), loc=4, fancybox=True)

输出:

如果您想做一些更高级的注释而不仅仅是使用图形图例，您应该看看 HYRY's answer here .