python - PyInstaller 和 PythonNet CLR

Question

好的，我需要一些有关 pyinstaller 和 PythonNet 的帮助。

这是我第一次在论坛上发帖，我对编码相对缺乏经验，但我已经学习了一些用于 GUI 开发的 python。我有一个使用 .NET dll 库与 USB 摄像头连接的脚本。该脚本在 Python 中运行正常，但我试图通过 Pyinstaller 将其编译为 .exe，但我遇到了困难。

以下是前几行代码:

import os
import clr
import sys
import System
from System import IntPtr

这是运行编译的 .exe 文件后的错误:

Unhandled Exception: System.IO.FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembl y 'Python.Runtime, Version=4.0.0.1, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=5000fea6cba7 02dd' or one of its dependencies. The located assembly's manifest definition doe s not match the assembly reference. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131040) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String cod eBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntro spection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String code Base, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& s tackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntros pection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName as semblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly, StackCrawlMar k& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIn trospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks) at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(AssemblyName assemblyRef) at clrModule.initclr()

我认为 python.runtime 的问题与此处发布的问题类似( https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet/issues/34 )，但我已经尝试了推荐的解决方案，但仍然遇到相同的错误。即我卸载了 pythonnet，然后搜索并删除了任何剩余的 clr.pyd 或 python.runtime.dll 文件。然后通过命令提示符使用 pip 重新安装:

"pip install --pre pythonnet"

编译我的脚本后，python.runtime.dll 与 exe 文件一起出现在“dist”文件夹中。但版本号有些奇怪。右键单击 dll 并在 Windows 中查看“属性”，会列出版本为 2.0.0.2，但查看同一文件的程序集信息(使用 dotPeek)会列出为 4.0.0.1。这是怎么回事？

以下是显示版本差异的屏幕截图:

dll assembly screenshot shows version 4.0.0.1

[显示版本 2.0.0.2 的 Windows 属性屏幕截图]

imagizer.imageshack.us/v2/381x520q90/902/6DEzLM.jpg(抱歉，我无法将此链接设为链接)

请注意，我在 Windows 7(64 位)上运行 Python 2.7(32 位)。另外，最初我在编译过程中遇到错误，因为Pyinstaller找不到CLR所需的python.runtime.dll，但我修改了clr-hook.py以包含完整的dll路径，所以现在它编译没有错误，但有些东西显然还是不对。这是新的钩子(Hook):

    ##hook-clr.py 

    import ctypes.util  
    datas = [(ctypes.util.find_library('C:\\Python27\\lib\\site-packages\\Python.Runtime'), '')]

这是编译期间 pyinstaller 的输出:

C:\Users\M80\Desktop\RealTimeBeamAnalysis> pyinstaller Realtime_3_exec.py

219 INFO: wrote C:\Users\M80\Desktop\RealTimeBeamAnalysis\Realtime_3_exe
c.spec
263 INFO: Testing for ability to set icons, version resources...
455 INFO: ... resource update available
462 INFO: UPX is not available.
516 INFO: Processing hook hook-os
697 INFO: Processing hook hook-time
703 INFO: Processing hook hook-cPickle
804 INFO: Processing hook hook-_sre
986 INFO: Processing hook hook-cStringIO
1118 INFO: Processing hook hook-encodings
1137 INFO: Processing hook hook-codecs
2354 INFO: Processing hook hook-httplib
2360 INFO: Processing hook hook-email
2519 INFO: Processing hook hook-email.message
2970 INFO: Processing hook hook-clr
3061 WARNING: library python%s%s required via ctypes not found
3298 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with C:\Users\M80\Desktop\RealTimeBeamAn
alysis
3299 INFO: checking Analysis
3299 INFO: building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc non existent
3299 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
3299 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT to dependent assemblies of final executable

3393 INFO: Searching for assembly x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21
022.8_none ...
3394 INFO: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc
8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91.manifest
3413 INFO: Searching for file msvcr90.dll
3414 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_
9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91\msvcr90.dll
3414 INFO: Searching for file msvcp90.dll
3414 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_
9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91\msvcp90.dll
3416 INFO: Searching for file msvcm90.dll
3416 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_
9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91\msvcm90.dll
3541 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_-py2.7.e
gg\PyInstaller\loader\_pyi_bootstrap.py
3562 INFO: Processing hook hook-os
3582 INFO: Processing hook hook-site
3608 INFO: Processing hook hook-encodings
3748 INFO: Processing hook hook-time
3752 INFO: Processing hook hook-cPickle
3840 INFO: Processing hook hook-_sre
3996 INFO: Processing hook hook-cStringIO
4131 INFO: Processing hook hook-codecs
4654 INFO: Processing hook hook-httplib
4657 INFO: Processing hook hook-email
4799 INFO: Processing hook hook-email.message
5021 INFO: Processing hook hook-clr
5094 WARNING: library python%s%s required via ctypes not found
5378 INFO: Processing hook hook-pydoc
5513 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_-py2.7.e
gg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_importers.py
5680 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_-py2.7.e
gg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_archive.py
5831 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_-py2.7.e
gg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_carchive.py
5963 INFO: Analyzing C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_-py2.7.e
gg\PyInstaller\loader\pyi_os_path.py
5982 INFO: Analyzing Realtime_3_exec.py
6026 INFO: Processing hook hook-PyQt4
6038 INFO: Processing hook hook-PyQt4.QtCore
6322 INFO: Processing hook hook-PyQt4.QtGui
8180 INFO: Processing hook hook-matplotlib
8298 INFO: Processing hook hook-PIL
8386 INFO: Processing hook hook-PIL.Image
9391 INFO: Processing hook hook-distutils
9837 INFO: Processing hook hook-parser
10396 INFO: Processing hook hook-sysconfig
10493 INFO: Processing hook hook-xml
10580 INFO: Processing hook hook-xml.sax
10618 INFO: Processing hook hook-pyexpat
11866 INFO: Processing hook hook-setuptools
12416 INFO: Processing hook hook-win32com
12434 INFO: Processing hook hook-win32com.client
12562 INFO: Processing hook hook-pythoncom
12647 INFO: Processing hook hook-pywintypes
12771 INFO: Processing hook hook-win32ui
13937 INFO: Processing hook hook-scipy.special._ufuncs
13979 INFO: Processing hook hook-Image
14680 INFO: Processing hook hook-pycparser
15338 INFO: Processing hook hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin
15522 INFO: Processing hook hook-_tkinter
15863 INFO: checking Tree
15865 INFO: building because out00-Tree.toc missing or bad
15866 INFO: building Tree out00-Tree.toc
16239 INFO: checking Tree
16240 INFO: building because out01-Tree.toc missing or bad
16241 INFO: building Tree out01-Tree.toc
16338 INFO: Processing hook hook-scipy.sparse.csgraph
18598 INFO: Processing hook hook-pytz
C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt.py:11: MatplotlibDe
precationWarning: QT3-based backends are deprecated and will be removed after th
e v1.2.x release. Use the equivalent QT4 backend instead.
  mplDeprecation)
33262 INFO: Processing hook hook-matplotlib.backends
34985 INFO: Processing hook hook-PyQt4.QtOpenGL
34990 INFO: Processing hook hook-PyQt4.QtSvg
35388 INFO: Processing hook hook-anydbm
36676 INFO: Processing hook hook-h5py
40292 INFO: Processing hook hook-IPython
46546 INFO: Processing hook hook-OpenGL
47113 INFO: Processing hook hook-OpenGL_accelerate
49549 INFO: Processing hook hook-zmq
50545 INFO: Processing hook hook-xml.dom
50582 INFO: Processing hook hook-xml.dom.domreg
55157 INFO: Processing hook hook-docutils
56850 INFO: Processing hook hook-pygments
57268 INFO: Processing hook hook-pygments.lexers
57973 INFO: Processing hook hook-pygments.formatters
58388 INFO: Processing hook hook-pygments.styles
60513 INFO: Processing hook hook-sqlite3
62490 INFO: Processing hook hook-lxml.etree
62500 INFO: Processing hook hook-xml.etree.cElementTree
62529 INFO: Processing hook hook-_elementtree
63798 INFO: Hidden import 'codecs' has been found otherwise
63799 INFO: Hidden import 'encodings' has been found otherwise
63799 INFO: Looking for run-time hooks
63805 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_pkgres.py
64029 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_Image.py
64170 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_qt4plugins.py
64285 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_mplconfig.py
64420 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_mpldata.py
64534 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py
64672 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_PIL_Image.py
64797 INFO: Analyzing rthook C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pyinstaller-2.1.1dev_
-py2.7.egg\PyInstaller\loader\rthooks\pyi_rth_Tkinter.py
70305 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of
final executable
73703 INFO: Adding Microsoft.VC90.MFC to dependent assemblies of final executabl
e
73792 INFO: Searching for assembly x86_Microsoft.VC90.MFC_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.2
1022.8_none ...
73792 INFO: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1f
c8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86.manifest
73804 INFO: Searching for file mfc90.dll
73804 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b
_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfc90.dll
73805 INFO: Searching for file mfc90u.dll
73805 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b
_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfc90u.dll
73805 INFO: Searching for file mfcm90.dll
73805 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b
_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfcm90.dll
73805 INFO: Searching for file mfcm90u.dll
73807 INFO: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b
_9.0.21022.8_none_b81d038aaf540e86\mfcm90u.dll
84271 INFO: Using Python library C:\Windows\system32\python27.dll
99841 INFO: Warnings written to C:\Users\M80\Desktop\RealTimeBeamAnalysi
s\build\Realtime_3_exec\warnRealtime_3_exec.txt
99993 INFO: checking PYZ
99995 INFO: rebuilding out00-PYZ.toc because out00-PYZ.pyz is missing
99996 INFO: building PYZ (ZlibArchive) out00-PYZ.toc
137450 INFO: checking PKG
137450 INFO: rebuilding out00-PKG.toc because out00-PKG.pkg is missing
137450 INFO: building PKG (CArchive) out00-PKG.pkg
137516 INFO: checking EXE
137518 INFO: rebuilding out00-EXE.toc because Realtime_3_exec.exe missing
137519 INFO: building EXE from out00-EXE.toc
137590 INFO: Appending archive to EXE C:\Users\M80\Desktop\RealTimeBeamA
nalysis\build\Realtime_3_exec\Realtime_3_exec.exe
137690 INFO: checking COLLECT
137690 INFO: building COLLECT out00-COLLECT.toc

Answer 1

拉取请求已通过 clr (pythonnet) 的 Hook 合并到 pyinstaller:

https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/pull/2048/files

使用此 clr Hook 的正确方法是从命令行指定 --hidden-import=clr 或在规范文件中指定 hiddenimports=['clr'] 。这应该可以找到 Windows 的 Python.Runtime.DLL 隐藏导入。

如果有人愿意解决 Linux 或 OSX 上的捆绑问题，那么请继续!请注意，Mono 并未预安装在这些平台上，因此捆绑可能会变得非常复杂。