python - python 中 psutil.cpu_times() 返回的每个参数的含义是什么？

Question

命令psutil.cpu_times()的输出如下:

scputimes(user=2298.7, nice=20.11, system=728.58, idle=49415.86, iowait=153.26, irq=0.08, softirq=16.78, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)

user 和 system 值表示 CPU 在用户与系统操作上花费的时间，但其他返回值的含义是什么？

例如，如何获取过去 3 分钟内发生的上下文切换数量？

Answer 1

这些是累积数字，因此它们代表自系统启动以来 CPU 所花费的时间量。至于各个值的含义(idle、iowait等)看看“man proc”:

cpu  3357 0 4313 1362393
     The  amount of time, measured in units of USER_HZ (1/100ths of a second on most
     architectures, use sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) to obtain the right  value),  that  the
     system spent in various states:

     user   (1) Time spent in user mode.

     nice   (2) Time spent in user mode with low priority (nice).

     system (3) Time spent in system mode.

     idle   (4) Time spent in the idle task.  This value should be USER_HZ times the
            second entry in the /proc/uptime pseudo-file.

     iowait (since Linux 2.5.41)
            (5) Time waiting for I/O to complete.

     irq (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)
            (6) Time servicing interrupts.

     softirq (since Linux 2.6.0-test4)
            (7) Time servicing softirqs.

     steal (since Linux 2.6.11)
            (8) Stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating systems when
            running in a virtualized environment

     guest (since Linux 2.6.24)
            (9)  Time  spent running a virtual CPU for guest operating systems under
            the control of the Linux kernel.

     guest_nice (since Linux 2.6.33)
            (10) Time spent running a niced guest (virtual CPU for  guest  operating
            systems under the control of the Linux kernel).