通过接口(interface)的 C# MVC 模拟模型破坏了 Controller

Question

我在 Controller 中有这个方法:

[HttpPatch]
[AllowAdminOnly]
public JsonResult EditUser(User _user)
{
    try
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            _user.Edit();
        }
        else
        {
            string error_messages = "";
            foreach (var e in ModelState.Select(x => x.Value.Errors).Where(y => y.Count > 0).ToList())
            {
                error_messages += e[0].ErrorMessage + "\n";
            }
            throw new Exception(error_messages);
        }
        return MessageHelper(@Resources.Global.success, @Resources.Users.success_editing_user, "success");
    }
    catch (Exception err)
    {
        return ErrorHelper(@Resources.Global.error, @Resources.Users.error_editing_user, err.Message);
    }
}

为了对该方法进行单元测试，我找到了引用文献 (...) 说我应该“模拟” _user.Edit();。看起来不错，它会避免将数据保存到数据库并使测试更快。

然后我的测试(对于有效用户)变为:

[TestMethod]
public void UserController_EditUser_Valid()
{
    // Arrange
    FundController controller = new UserController();
    controller.ControllerContext = TestModelHelper.AdminControllerContext();

    var _user = new Mock<Fund>();
    _user.SetupGet(f => f.id).Returns(1);
    _user.SetupGet(f => f.name).Returns("User name");
    _user.SetupGet(f => f.nickname).Returns("User nickname");
    _user.SetupGet(f => f.active).Returns(true);
    _user.Setup(f => f.Edit()).Callback(() => {}).Verifiable();

    // Act
    var result = (JsonResult)controller.EditUser(_user.Object);
    SimpleMessage resultMessage = m_serializer.Deserialize<SimpleMessage>(m_serializer.Serialize(result.Data));

    // Assert
    Assert.IsNotNull(resultMessage, "Result must not be null");
    Assert.IsTrue(resultMessage.status.Equals("success"), "status must be 'success'");
}

但是当我这样做时，出现以下错误:

Test Name:  UserController_EditUser_Valid
Test FullName:  Pmanager.Tests.Controllers.UserControllerTest.UserController_EditUser_Valid
Test Source:    ...\Pmanager\Pmanager.Tests\Controllers\UserControllerTest.cs : line 95
Test Outcome:   Failed
Test Duration:  0:00:00,0179908

Result StackTrace:  
em Moq.Mock.ThrowIfCantOverride(Expression setup, MethodInfo method)
   em Moq.Mock.<>c__DisplayClass66_0`2.<SetupGet>b__0()
   em Moq.PexProtector.Invoke[T](Func`1 function)
   em Moq.Mock.SetupGet[T,TProperty](Mock`1 mock, Expression`1 expression, Condition condition)
   em Moq.Mock`1.SetupGet[TProperty](Expression`1 expression)
   em Pmanager.Tests.Controllers.UserControllerTest.UserController_EditUser_Valid() na ...\Pmanager\Pmanager.Tests\Controllers\UserControllerTest.cs:linha 100
Result Message: 
Test method Pmanager.Tests.Controllers.UserControllerTest.UserController_EditUser_Valid threw exception: 
System.NotSupportedException: Valid setup on a non-virtual (overridable in VB) member: f => f.id

我发现一些关于 (...) 的文档说在创建“模拟” 时我应该使用接口(interface)而不是类。

所以，我创建了一个界面:

public interface IUser
{
    int id { get; set; }
    string name { get; set; }
    string nickname { get; set; }
    bool active { get; set; }
    void Edit();
}

然后我更改了 Controller 的方法签名 IUser 的所有内容:

public JsonResult EditUser(IUser _user);

测试“模拟”声明:

var _user = new Mock<IUser>();

等等。

现在测试成功了，但是实际 Controller 编辑用户的方法不行!

如何在不破坏 Controller 真正功能的情况下将所有这些东西放在一起？

Answer 1

更新 Controller 以使用依赖关系更新用户模型。从模型本身中删除该功能。模型应该是 POCO/DTO。

public class UserController : Controller {
    readonly IUserService userService;

    public UserController(IUSerService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    [HttpPatch]
    [AllowAdminOnly]
    public JsonResult EditUser(User _user) {
        try {
            if (ModelState.IsValid) {
                userService.Edit(user);
            } else {
                string error_messages = "";
                foreach (var e in ModelState.Select(x => x.Value.Errors).Where(y => y.Count > 0).ToList()) {
                    error_messages += e[0].ErrorMessage + "\n";
                }
                throw new Exception(error_messages);
            }
            return MessageHelper(@Resources.Global.success, @Resources.Users.success_editing_user, "success");
        } catch (Exception err) {
            return ErrorHelper(@Resources.Global.error, @Resources.Users.error_editing_user, err.Message);
        }
    }
}

IUserService 类似于

public interface IUserService {
    void Edit(User user);
}

及其生产实现将执行所需的操作。请记住在您使用的任何 DI 中注册抽象和实现。

然后测试将模拟其独立运行所需的依赖项。

[TestMethod]
public void UserController_EditUser_Should_Be_Valid() {
    // Arrange    
    var _user = new User {
        id = 1,
        name = "User name",
        nickname = "User nickname",
        active = true
    };

    var mockService = new Mock<IUserService>();
    mockService .Setup(m => m.Edit(_user)).Verifiable();

    var controller = new UserController(mockService.Object);
    controller.ControllerContext = TestModelHelper.AdminControllerContext();

    // Act
    var result = controller.EditUser(_user) as JsonResult;

    // Assert
    Assert.IsNotNull(result, "Result must not be null");        
    mockService.Verify(); // verify that the service was call successfully. 
}