c# - Web API get 上的 405 错误(方法不允许)

Question

当我尝试使用 $.getJSON 调用我的 Web API Controller 方法时，我遇到了一个令人沮丧的问题:它总是以控制台中显示以下消息结束:“无法加载资源:服务器响应状态为 405(方法不允许)”

这是我的 Controller :

using MyProject.Domain;
using MyProject.WebApp.Session;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MyProject.WebApp.ApiControllers.Favorites
{
    public class FavoriteArticlesController : BaseController<FavoriteArticle, Guid>
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public object SetFavorite(Guid articleId, bool isFavorite)
        {
            try
            {
                if (isFavorite)
                {
                    var favorite = new FavoriteArticle
                    {
                        UserId = UserInfo.GetUserId(),
                        ArticleId = articleId
                    };
                    _repo.Upsert(favorite);
                }
                else
                {
                    var favorite = _repo.GetAll()
                        .First(fa => fa.ArticleId.CompareTo(articleId) == 0);
                    _repo.Delete(favorite.Id);
                }
                _repo.Commit();
                return new { Success = true, Error = (string)null };
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return new { Success = false, Error = ex.Message };
            }
        }
    }
}

如果以任何方式相关，BaseController 自然派生自 ApiController。如果需要，这里是代码:

using MyProject.Data.Repository;
using MyProject.Data.Services;
using MyProject.Domain;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace MyProject.WebApp.ApiControllers
{
    public class BaseController<TEntity, TKey> : ApiController
        where TEntity : class, IEntity<TKey>, new()
    {
        protected UnitOfWork _unitOfWork;
        protected Repository<TEntity, TKey> _repo;

        protected BaseController()
        {
            _unitOfWork = new UnitOfWork();
            _repo = _unitOfWork.GetRepository<TEntity, TKey>();
        }
    }
}

下面是进行调用的函数之一:

$.fn.bindFavoriteArticle = function () {
    this.click(function () {
        var link = $(this);
        $.getJSON('/api/FavoriteArticles/SetFavorite', { ajax: true, articleId: link.attr('data-target-id'), isFavorite: true }, function (response) {
            if (response.Success === true) {
                link.children('i').removeClass('fa-heart-o')
                    .addClass('fa-heart');
                link.attr('data-toggle', 'unfavoriteArticle')
                    .unbind('click')
                    .bindUnfavoriteArticle();
            } else {
                // TODO : use bootstrap alert messages
                alert(response.Error);
            }
        });
    });
};

我在这里和那里看到路由配置可能是问题的根源，所以这是 RouteConfig.cs 的内容:

using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace MyProject.WebApp
{
    public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "Default",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "ApiDefault",
                url: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "SubscriptionsController", action = "GetSelectList", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }
}

知道发生了什么事吗？关于 Web API 的工作原理，我觉得我遗漏了很多东西......

Answer 1

如其他答案之一所述，代码配置了错误的路由。对于 web api 配置 WebApiConfig

public static class WebApiConfig {
    public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) {
        // Web API routes

        //Enable Attribute routing is they are being used.
        config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

        //Convention based routes.

        //Matches GET /api/FavoriteArticles/SetFavorite
        config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            name: "DefaultActionApi",
            routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
            defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
        );

        //Matches GET /api/FavoriteArticles
        config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
            name: "DefaultApi",
            routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
            defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
        );
    }
}

确保它在 MVC 路由之前配置。

protected void Application_Start() {
    // Pass a delegate to the Configure method.
    GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);
    //...other configurations
}

一些关于重构 Controller 以使其更安静的建议。尝试从操作中返回 IHttpActionResult。简化框架并让您更好地控制响应的返回方式。

[RoutePrefix("api/favoritearticles"]
public class FavoriteArticlesController : BaseController<FavoriteArticle, Guid> {


    [HttpPost]
    [Route("{articleId:guid}")] //Matches POST api/favoritearticles/{articleId:guid}
    public IHttpActionResult SetFavorite(Guid articleId) {            
        var favorite = new FavoriteArticle
        {
            UserId = UserInfo.GetUserId(),
            ArticleId = articleId
        };
        _repo.Upsert(favorite);
        _repo.Commit();
        return Ok(new { Success = true, Error = (string)null });
    }

    [HttpDelete]
    [Route("{articleId:guid}")] //Matches DELETE api/favoritearticles/{articleId:guid}
    public IHttpActionResult RemoveFavorite(Guid articleId) {            
        var favorite = _repo.GetAll()
            .First(fa => fa.ArticleId == articleId);

        if(favorite == null) return NotFound();

        _repo.Delete(favorite.Id);
        _repo.Commit();
        return Ok(new { Success = true, Error = (string)null });
    }
}

Controller 应该尽可能精简，因此即使是上述内容也应该通过向 Controller 注入(inject)服务来进一步精简。

错误处理是一个横切关注点，也应该通过框架的扩展点提取和处理。