python - 将日期时间转换回 Windows 64 位 FILETIME

Question

我想创建 NT 格式的网络时间戳。

我已经能够使用此函数将它们转换为可读时间:

NetworkStamp = "\xc0\x65\x31\x50\xde\x09\xd2\x01"

def GetTime(NetworkStamp):
    Ftime = int(struct.unpack('<Q',NetworkStamp)[0])
    Epoch = divmod(Ftime - 116444736000000000, 10000000)
    Actualtime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(Epoch[0])
    return Actualtime, Actualtime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

print GetTime(NetworkStamp)

输出:

(datetime.datetime(2016, 9, 8, 11, 35, 57), '2016-09-08 11:35:57')

现在我想做相反的事情，将 '2016/09/08 11:35:57' 秒转换为以下格式:

 "\xc0\x65\x31\x50\xde\x09\xd2\x01"

Answer 1

    将 Window 的 FILETIME 值转换为 datetime.datetime 的代码并不像它应有的那么准确 - 它截断了可能存在的任何小数秒(因为它忽略了 divmod() 结果的其余部分)。这在代码创建的可读字符串中并不明显，因为它只显示整秒。
即使包含秒小数部分，您也无法完全按照您的要求进行操作，因为 Windows FILETIME 结构的值间隔为 100 纳秒(0.1 微秒)，但 Python 的 datetime 仅支持精确到整微秒。因此，最好的办法是近似原始值，因为即使进行最准确的转换，也会丢失信息。

下面是适用于 Python 2 和 3 的代码，使用问题中的 NetworkStamp 测试值演示了这一点:

import datetime
import struct
import time

WINDOWS_TICKS = int(1/10**-7)  # 10,000,000 (100 nanoseconds or .1 microseconds)
WINDOWS_EPOCH = datetime.datetime.strptime('1601-01-01 00:00:00',
                                           '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
POSIX_EPOCH = datetime.datetime.strptime('1970-01-01 00:00:00',
                                         '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
EPOCH_DIFF = (POSIX_EPOCH - WINDOWS_EPOCH).total_seconds()  # 11644473600.0
WINDOWS_TICKS_TO_POSIX_EPOCH = EPOCH_DIFF * WINDOWS_TICKS  # 116444736000000000.0

def get_time(filetime):
    """Convert windows filetime winticks to python datetime.datetime."""
    winticks = struct.unpack('<Q', filetime)[0]
    microsecs = (winticks - WINDOWS_TICKS_TO_POSIX_EPOCH) / WINDOWS_TICKS
    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(microsecs)

def convert_back(timestamp_string):
    """Convert a timestamp in Y=M=D H:M:S.f format into a windows filetime."""
    dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(timestamp_string, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
    posix_secs = int(time.mktime(dt.timetuple()))
    winticks = (posix_secs + int(EPOCH_DIFF)) * WINDOWS_TICKS
    return winticks

def int_to_bytes(n, minlen=0):  # helper function
    """ int/long to bytes (little-endian byte order).
        Note: built-in int.to_bytes() method could be used in Python 3.
    """
    nbits = n.bit_length() + (1 if n < 0 else 0)  # plus one for any sign bit
    nbytes = (nbits+7) // 8  # number of whole bytes
    ba = bytearray()
    for _ in range(nbytes):
        ba.append(n & 0xff)
        n >>= 8
    if minlen > 0 and len(ba) < minlen:  # zero pad?
        ba.extend([0] * (minlen-len(ba)))
    return ba  # with low bytes first

def hexbytes(s):  # formatting helper function
    """Convert string to string of hex character values."""
    ba = bytearray(s)
    return ''.join('\\x{:02x}'.format(b) for b in ba)

win_timestamp = b'\xc0\x65\x31\x50\xde\x09\xd2\x01'
print('win timestamp: b"{}"'.format(hexbytes(win_timestamp)))
dtime = get_time(win_timestamp)
readable = dtime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')  # includes fractional secs
print('datetime repr: "{}"'.format(readable))

winticks = convert_back(readable)  # includes fractional secs
new_timestamp = int_to_bytes(winticks)
print('new timestamp: b"{}"'.format(hexbytes(new_timestamp)))

输出:

win timestamp: b"\xc0\x65\x31\x50\xde\x09\xd2\x01"
datetime repr: "2016-09-08 07:35:57.996998"
new timestamp: b"\x80\x44\x99\x4f\xde\x09\xd2\x01"