python - 用 OpenGL 制作太阳系

Question

我正在尝试在 OpenGL 中创建一个太阳系，但行星并未围绕太阳旋转。那是围绕其他轴旋转的。如何解决这个问题？

首先，我画了一个太阳，然后，有旋转、平移和第一颗行星的旋转。所以它应该绕太阳公转并绕自己的轴自转，但这并没有发生。

我还想制作行星围绕其旋转的圆。如何在 XZ 平面上制作圆(可能)

from __future__ import division
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *

year = 0
day = 0

def init(): 
   glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
   glShadeModel (GL_FLAT)


def display():

   global day, year

   glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

   glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 0, 1)
   glPushMatrix()
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 20, 16)   # draw sun

   glRotatef(year, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
   year = (year + 1) % 360

   glPushMatrix()
   glTranslatef(2.0, 0.0, 0.0)
   glRotatef(day, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
   day = (day + 1) % 360

   glColor3f (0, 0, 1.0);
   glutWireSphere(0.2, 10, 8)    # draw smaller planet
   glPopMatrix()

   glPushMatrix()
   glTranslatef(4.0, 0.0, 0.0)
   glRotatef(day, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
   glColor3f (1, 0, 0.0, 1)
   glutWireSphere(0.2, 10, 8)
   glPopMatrix()

   glPopMatrix()
   glutSwapBuffers()

   # delay
   for i in range(100000):
      pass

def reshape(w, h):
   glViewport (0, 0, w, h)
   glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION)
   glLoadIdentity ()
   gluPerspective(70.0, w/h, 1.0, 20.0)
   glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
   glLoadIdentity()
   gluLookAt (0.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)

glutInit()
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB)
glutInitWindowSize(800, 800)
glutInitWindowPosition (100, 100)
glutCreateWindow("Transformation")
init ()
glutDisplayFunc(display)
glutIdleFunc(display)
glutReshapeFunc(reshape)
glutMainLoop()

Answer 1

Planet should go behind the sun (invisible for some time) and then it would be visible after coming back, but that' not happening.

您必须启用深度测试，并且必须清除深度缓冲区。

可以通过 glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) 启用深度测试。默认深度函数glDepthFunc是GL_LESS。这会导致之前绘制的片段后面的片段被跳过:

在每一帧之前，必须清除深度缓冲区，方法为 glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) ，重新启动此过程。

将以下行添加到您的代码中，位于 display 的开头:

glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )

当然，您必须创建一个带有深度缓冲区的窗口( glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH) ):

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH)

查看预览:

<小时/>

Can you also tell how to make circle where the planet is revolving?

我建议使用time用于设置模拟。下面的例子显示了太阳、地球和月球(当然这是一个非常非常简化的模拟，大小和距离关系完全错误):

import time

start_time = time.time()

def display():

    t = time.time() - start_time
    year_period = 5.0                  # 5 seconds for simulating one year 
    year     = (t / year_period)
    day      = 365 * year
    moon_sid = (365 / 27.3) * year

    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )

    glColor4f (1.0, 1.0, 0, 1)
    glPushMatrix()
    glutSolidSphere(1.0, 20, 16)             # sun

    glRotatef(year*360.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)     # earth rotation around the sun 
    glTranslatef(3.0, 0.0, 0.0)              # earth location

    glPushMatrix()                           # push earth system 

    glPushMatrix()
    glRotatef(day*360.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)      # earth spinn
    glRotatef(90-23.4, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)        # earth axis
    glColor3f (0, 0, 1)                      # blue
    glutWireSphere(0.3, 10, 8)               # earth
    glPopMatrix()

    glPushMatrix()
    glRotatef(moon_sid*360.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) # moon sidereal
    glTranslatef(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)              # distance moon to earth
    glRotatef(90, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
    glColor4f (0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 1)                         
    glutWireSphere(0.1, 10, 8)               # moon
    glPopMatrix()

    glPopMatrix()                            # pop earth system 

    glPopMatrix()
    glutSwapBuffers()