python - Matplotlib Qt5Agg 后端未找到

Question

我编写了一个 Python 3.6 程序，它读取 UTM 坐标的 .txt 文件，将它们按逆时针顺序排序，使用 matplotlib 在图形上显示坐标，然后将坐标写入桌面上的 .txt 文件。当我在spyder(我一直在使用的IDE)中运行它时它工作正常，但是当我使用cx_Freeze(通过构建我的python文件)将其转换为exe并尝试运行它时，我收到以下错误: ModuleNotFoundError:没有名为“matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg”的模块我尝试通过以下方式安装 Qt5 后端: pip 安装 PyQt5以及更新 cx_Freeze。任何帮助将非常感激。我仍然是 Python 以及一般编程的初学者，所以如果我的解释不够清楚，我深表歉意。下面是我的主要 Python 脚本的代码

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import math as math
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
import time


def findFilename():
    root = tk.Tk()
    #root.withdraw()
    filename = askopenfilename()
    root.destroy()
    return(filename)

def findSize(cnt, filename):
    #number of lines in file
    with open(filename) as f:
        for line in f:
            cnt = cnt+1;
    return cnt;

def findChar(filename):
    file = open(filename, "r")

    char = ""
    lines = file.read()

    if(lines.find(" ") == -1):
        char = ","
    else:
        char = " "

    return(char)


def inputArr(cnt, arrX, arrY, arrZ, filename, char):
    file = open(filename, "r")
    num1 = 0
    num2 = 0
    num3 = 0
    place1 = 0
    place2 = 0
    place3 = 0



    for i in range(0, cnt):
        num = file.readline()
        place1 = num.find(char)
        num1 = num[:place1]
        num = num[place1 + 1:]
        place2 = num.find(char)
        num2 = num[:place2]
        num = num[place2+1:]
        place3 = num.find(char)
        num3 = num[:place3]

        arrX.append(float(num1))
        arrY.append(float(num2))
        arrZ.append(float(num3))

    return(arrX, arrY, arrZ)

def drawPath(arrX, arrY, label, cnt):
    plt.plot(arrX, arrY, '-ok', color = 'red')

    plt.xlabel("X coordinates")
    plt.ylabel("Y coordinates")
    plt.title("Loop path")
    plt.show()


    for i in range(0,cnt):
        label.append(str(i))

    for i, txt in enumerate(label):
        plt.annotate(txt, (arrX[i], arrY[i]))


def findCenter(arrX, arrY, cnt):
    xCenter = 0
    yCenter = 0

    for i in range(0,cnt):
        xCenter += arrX[i]
        yCenter += arrY[i]


    xCenter /= cnt
    yCenter /= cnt
    return(xCenter, yCenter)

def moveToCenter(arrX, arrY, arrX1, arrY1, xCenter, yCenter, cnt):
    for i in range(0,cnt):
        arrX1.append(arrX[i] - xCenter)
        arrY1.append(arrY[i] - yCenter)

    return(arrX1, arrY1)

def calculateTheta(arrX1, arrY1, arrTheta, cnt):
    for i in range(0,cnt):
        arrTheta.append(math.atan2(arrY1[i], arrX1[i]))

  #  print(arrTheta[0])
    return(arrTheta)

def sortPoints(arrTheta, arrX, arrY, arrZ, cnt):
    minimum = 0

    for i in range(0,cnt-1):
        minimum = i
        for j in range(i + 1, cnt):
            if(arrTheta[j] < arrTheta[minimum]):
                minimum = j
        arrTheta[minimum], arrTheta[i] = arrTheta[i], arrTheta[minimum]
        arrX[minimum], arrX[i] = arrX[i], arrX[minimum]
        arrY[minimum], arrY[i] = arrY[i], arrY[minimum]
        arrZ[minimum], arrZ[i] = arrZ[i], arrZ[minimum]

def writeFile(arrX, arrY, arrZ, cnt, char):
    moment = time.strftime("%Y-%b-%d__%H_%M_%S",time.localtime())

    file = open("C:\\Users\\natha\\Desktop\\sorted" + str(moment) + ".txt", "w")
    num = ""

    for i in range(0,cnt):
        if(i < 10):
            num = "0"
        else:
            num = ""

        file.write("<" + "L" + num + str(i) + ">" + " " + str(arrX[i]) + char + 
                   str(arrY[i]) + char + str(arrZ[i]) + char + "\n")




def main():

    cnt = 0
    arrX = []
    arrY = []
    arrZ = []
    label = []
    arrX1 = []
    arrY1 = []
    arrTheta = []
    xCenter = 0
    yCenter = 0
    char = ""

    filename = findFilename()
    char = findChar(filename)

    cnt = findSize(cnt, filename)

    findChar(filename)
    inputArr(cnt, arrX, arrY, arrZ, filename, char)

    xCenter, yCenter = findCenter(arrX, arrY, cnt)
    arrX1, arrY1 = moveToCenter(arrX, arrY, arrX1, arrY1, xCenter, yCenter, cnt)

    arrTheta = calculateTheta(arrX1, arrY1, arrTheta, cnt)
    #arrX, arrY, arrZ = randomPoints(arrX, arrY, arrZ, cnt)
    sortPoints(arrTheta, arrX, arrY, arrZ, cnt)

    writeFile(arrX, arrY, arrZ, cnt, char)
    drawPath(arrX, arrY, label, cnt)


main()

以及我的 setup.py 文件

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
import sys
import os.path


os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Users\natha\Anaconda3\tcl\tcl8.6'
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Users\natha\Anaconda3\tcl\tk8.6'

additional_mods = ['numpy.core._methods', 'numpy.lib.format']
setup(name='loopProgram', 
      version='0.4', 
      description='xyz script',
      options = {'build_exe': {'includes': additional_mods}},
      executables = [Executable('loopProgram.py')]
    )

Answer 1

安装缺少的 matplotlib qt5 后端 sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib-qt5

获取 Matplotlib 配置文件路径: Python 导入 matplotlib matplotlib.matplotlib_fname() u'/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc'在配置文件中，将后端更改为qt5agg vi/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc

将行更改为:

后端:qt5agg