python - 战舰: How to automate instances creation?

Question

我正在制作一款战舰游戏。我创建了一个 Ship 类来为船只提供位置。

创建类后，我必须创建所有实例，我想知道是否有一种方法可以自动化它。

大部分程序都是无关紧要的，但我将其保留，以防万一它可能会影响它是否可以自动化。

import random

class Ship(object):

    def __init__(self, length):
        self.length = length

    def direction(self):
        vh = random.choice(['v','h'])
        return vh

    def location(self):
        space = []
        row = random.randint(0, 10-self.length)
        column = random.randint(0, 10-self.length)
        if self.direction == 'v':
            for x in range(self.length):
                space.append(f'{column}{row+x}')
        else:
            for x in range(self.length):
                space.append(f'{column}{row+x}')
        return space

ships_amount = {
    'carrier' : 1,
    'battleship' : 2,
    'cruiser' : 3,
    'destroyer' : 4
}

ships_length = {
    'carrier' : 5,
    'battleship' : 4,
    'cruiser' : 3,
    'destroyer' : 2
}

我想这样做:

carrier1 = Ship(ships_length['carrier'])
battleship1 = Ship(ships_length['battleship'])
battleship2 = Ship(ships_length['battleship'])
cruiser1 = Ship(ships_length['cruiser'])
cruiser2 = Ship(ships_length['cruiser'])
cruiser3 = Ship(ships_length['cruiser'])
destroyer1 = Ship(ships_length['destroyer'])
destroyer2 = Ship(ships_length['destroyer'])
destroyer3 = Ship(ships_length['destroyer'])
destroyer4 = Ship(ships_length['destroyer'])

但自动化

Answer 1

您可以迭代您想要的船只并查找它们的长度来制造它们:

 ships = []
 for type_of_ship in ships_amount:
   ships.append(Ship(ships_length[type_of_ship]))

甚至

ships = [Ship(ships_length[k]) for k in ships_amount]

(在第二个示例中，ky 是 key 的简写，或者现在在 for 循环中称为 type_of_ship)

这将为您提供每种类型的船只之一。

这不会为您提供名为“Carrier1”等的变量，但您将能够对ships中的每个项目进行操作。

例如

for ship in ships:
    print(ship.length)

要获得规定的数量或每种类型船只的数量，您需要在循环中制造额外的船只。通过迭代 items()，您将获得一个键和值，我将其称为 k 和 v，尽管它们值得更好的名称。字典中的值告诉您有多少:

ships = []
for k, v in ships_amount.items():
    ships.extend([Ship(ships_length[k]) for _ in range(v)])

这将为您提供所需的 10 艘舰船。