python - TypeError at/string 索引必须是整数

Question

我正在尝试制作一个定制的用户创建表单，用户可以在其中输入用户名、密码和电子邮件以在我的网站中注册。但我无法调试这个错误。它指的是哪种类型错误？我使用 django 2.1 和 postgresql 10.3 作为数据库。

表单.py

from django import forms

class SignUpForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=20)
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder':'password'}))
    password_confirmation = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder':'password confirmation'}))
    email = forms.EmailField()

   def clean(self):
    password = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
    password_confirmation = self.cleaned_data.get('password_confirmation')
    print(password)
    print(password_confirmation)
    if password != password_confirmation:
        raise forms.ValidationError('Password Must Match')
    return password

url.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import SignUpView
urlpatterns = [
    path('',SignUpView,name = 'signup')
]

View .py

from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import SignUpForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def SignUpView(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = SignUpForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            username = form.cleaned_data['username']
            password = form.cleaned_data['password']
            email = form.cleaned_data['email']
            user = User(request,username=username,email=email)
            user.set_password(password)
            user.save()
            return HttpResponse('User Created')
    else:
        form =SignUpForm()
    return render(request,'signup.html',{'form':form})

回溯错误

环境:

Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/

Django Version: 2.0.5
Python Version: 3.6.3
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'account']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']



Traceback:

File "C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py" in inner
  35.             response = get_response(request)

File "C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
  128.                 response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

File "C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
  126.                 response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

File "C:\Users\HP\Desktop\muvi_2\account\views.py" in SignUpView
  10.             username = form.cleaned_data['username']

Exception Type: TypeError at /
Exception Value: string indices must be integers

Answer 1

您定义clean功能为:

class SignUpForm(forms.Form):

    # ...

    def <b>clean</b>(self):
        password = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
        # ...
        <b>return password</b>

super(..)但是，应该返回 cleaned_data ，所以一本字典。通过覆盖它并返回 password ，form.cleaned_data 的“最终产品”不再是一个类似字典的对象，而是一个字符串。或者像 documentation on form-cleaning [Django-doc]指定:

The form subclass's clean() method can perform validation that requires access to multiple form fields. This is where you might put in checks such as "if field A is supplied, field B must contain a valid email address". This method can return a completely different dictionary if it wishes, which will be used as the cleaned_data.

因此，password将取代cleaned_data (而且它不是一个类似字典的对象)，所以我们无法再获取 form.cleaned_data['username'] ，自 'some_password'['username'] ，当然对 Python 来说没有任何意义。

我们可以重写 clean函数通过返回self.cleaned_data最后(例如通过调用 super().clean() 函数):

from django import forms

class SignUpForm(forms.Form):
    # ...

    def <b>clean</b>(self):
        password = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
        password_confirmation = self.cleaned_data.get('password_confirmation')
        print(password)
        print(password_confirmation)
        if password != password_confirmation:
            raise forms.ValidationError('Password Must Match')
        <b>return super().clean()</b>

其他错误:验证表单后，您的目标是创建 User对象:

user = User(<b>request</b>, username=username,email=email)

但是我并不奇怪为什么你在这里使用 request目的。我认为应该是:

user = User(username=username, email=email, password=<b>hashed_password</b>)

您还需要首先对密码进行哈希处理，否则将构成严重的安全威胁。请参阅the Django documentation on password hashing了解更多信息。