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我有这段代码，其中 complexp是一个指向 struct 的指针代表一个复数。第一个printf命令工作正常并且 complexp的内容被打印。然而，第二个printf无法正常工作并打印 0两次(这是不正确的)。

这两行之间没有代码。

int main()
    {
        ComplexP  complexp =  (ComplexP) malloc(sizeof(ComplexP));
        complexp = fromCharFunc(s);

        printf("complexp: real: %f, imaginary: %f\n", complexp->real, complexp->imaginary);

         printf("1complexp: real: %f, imaginary: %f\n", complexp->real, complexp->imaginary);

    return 0;
    }
 typedef struct Complex {
   double real;
   double imaginary;
 } Complex;

typedef struct Complex* ComplexP;
ComplexP fromCharFunc(char * s)
{
    if(s == NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }


char* sreal;
char* simaginary;
double real;
double imaginary;

char str [DEFAULT_SIZE];

strcpy(str, s);
sreal = strtok(str, REALL_PART_DELIMITER);

simaginary = strtok(NULL, IMAGINARY_PART_DELIMITER);

int len1 = strlen(sreal) + strlen(simaginary);
int len2 = strlen(s) - strlen(IMAGINARY_PART_DELIMITER);

int diff = len1 == len2 ? 0 : 1;


if(diff)
{
    return NULL;
}


if(verifyIsNumber(sreal))
{
    real = atof(sreal);
}
else
{
    return NULL;
}

if(verifyIsNumber(simaginary))
{
    imaginary = atof(simaginary);
}
else
{
    return NULL;
}

Complex complex = {real, imaginary};
ComplexP complexp = &complex;

return complexp;

}
/**
 * @brief determines whether a string represents a number
 * @param char *s poiter to a string
 * #retrun 0 if not a number, 1 if is a number
 */
int verifyIsNumber(char *s)
{
char c;
int i = 0;
while( *(s+i) != '\0')
{
    c = *(s+i);
    if ((c >= MIN_DIGIT && c <= MAX_DIGIT) || c == POINT || c == MINUS)
        i++;
    else
    {
        return 0;
    }
}

return 1;

}

Answer 1

您正在返回一个指向局部变量的指针。该变量在作用域结束时被删除。您应该考虑返回 Complex 变量而不是 ComplexP。

ComplexP fromCharFunc(char * s)
{

    // ...

    // This variable is deleted after the function ends
    Complex complex = {real, imaginary};

    // After deletion, this pointer points to invalid memory
    ComplexP complexp = &complex;

    return complexp;
}

您的第一个 printf 调用有效，因为 complex 中的值仍然恰好位于指针指向的内存位置。这是未定义的行为。使用不同的编译器或不同的系统，可能会导致两个 printf 命令都失败，或者都成功。

如果你想返回ComplexP，你应该使用malloc保留内存。

ComplexP fromCharFunc(char * s)
{

    // ...

    // Create a temporary variable
    Complex complex = {real, imaginary};

    // Reserve memory for your return variable
    ComplexP complexp = malloc(sizeof(Complex));

    // Copy your temporary variable to the reserved memory location
    *complexp = complex;

    return complexp;
}