javascript - 在堆叠条形图中使用图例以及工具提示 d3 js

Question

我在这个链接的帮助下完成了堆叠条形图 https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/1134768但我想自定义我现有的堆叠图代码，我必须在其中添加 d3.legend 和工具提示。

现在我已经完成了直到工具提示，但是存在标签问题，因为我必须从我的数组数据中给出这样的值 'A:100'，如下所示

 var data = [
        {month: "4/1854",total:"100" ,A: "45", B:"45", C:"10"},
        {month: "5/1854",total:"200" ,A:"80", B:"70", C:"50"},
        {month: "6/1854",total:"300" ,A:"0", B:"100", C:"200"},
        {month: "7/1854",total:"400" ,A: "200", B:"100", C:"100"},
        {month: "8/1854",total:"500" ,A:"100", B:"200", C:"200"},
        {month: "9/1854",total:"600" ,A:"100", B:"200", C:"300"},
        {month: "10/1854",total:"700" ,A: "400", B:"100", C:"200"},
        {month: "11/1854",total:"800" ,A:"500", B:"200", C:"100"},
        {month: "12/1854",total:"900" ,A:"100", B:"400", C:"500"},
        {month: "13/1854",total:"1000" ,A:"500", B:"0", C:"500"}
    ];

关于 d3.legend，我没有找到任何合适的例子来给我正确的图片，说明如何在我现有的代码中使用它，但我必须像这样展示

这是我的完整工作代码

var xData = ["A", "B", "C"];

  var parseDate = d3.time.format("%m/%Y").parse;

var margin = {top: 20, right: 50, bottom: 30, left: 50},
        width = 500 - margin.left - margin.right,
        height = 350 - margin.top - margin.bottom;

var x = d3.scale.ordinal()
        .rangeRoundBands([0, width], .35);

var y = d3.scale.linear()
        .rangeRound([height, 0]);

var color = d3.scale.category20();
//console.info(color(0));

var xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
        .scale(x)
        .orient("bottom")
        .tickFormat(d3.time.format("%b"));

var yAxis = d3.svg.axis()
        .scale(y)
      .orient("left");

var svg = d3.select("#pie").append("svg")
        .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
        .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
        .append("g")
        .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");

data.forEach(function(d) {
      d.month = parseDate(d.month);
      xData.forEach(function(c) {
        d[c] = +d[c];
      });

    })

var dataIntermediate = xData.map(function (c) {
    return data.map(function (d) {
        return {x: d.month, y: d[c]};
    });
});

var dataStackLayout = d3.layout.stack()(dataIntermediate);

x.domain(dataStackLayout[0].map(function (d) {
    return d.x;
}));

y.domain([0,
   d3.max(data, function(d) { return d.total; })
    ])
  .nice();

var layer = svg.selectAll(".stack")
        .data(dataStackLayout)
        .enter().append("g")
        .attr("class", "stack")
        .style("fill", function (d, i) {
            console.info(i, color(i));
            return color(i);
        });

layer.selectAll("rect")
        .data(function (d) {
            return d;
        })
        .enter().append("rect")
        .attr("x", function (d) {
            console.info("dx", d.x,x(d.x), x.rangeBand());
            return x(d.x);
        })
        .attr("y", function (d) {
            return y(d.y + d.y0);
        })
        .attr("height", function (d) {
            // console.info(d.y0, d.y, y(d.y0), y(d.y))
            return y(d.y0) - y(d.y + d.y0);
        })
        .attr("width", x.rangeBand() -1)


        .on("mouseover", function(d){

          var delta = d.y1 - d.y0;
          var xPos = parseFloat(d3.select(this).attr("x"));
          var yPos = parseFloat(d3.select(this).attr("y"));
          var height = parseFloat(d3.select(this).attr("height"))

          d3.select(this).attr("stroke","blue").attr("stroke-width",0.8);

          svg.append("text")
          .attr("x",xPos)
          .attr("y",yPos +height/2)
          .attr("class","tooltip")
          .text(d +": "+ delta); 

       })
       .on("mouseout",function(){
          svg.select(".tooltip").remove();
          d3.select(this).attr("stroke","pink").attr("stroke-width",0.2);

        });


svg.append("g")
        .attr("class", "axis")
        .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
        .call(xAxis);

  svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "axis axis--y")
      .call(yAxis)
       .append("text")
      .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
      .attr("y", 6)
      .attr("dy", ".71em")
      .style("text-anchor", "end");

请提供一些关于我的图表的有用建议，我们将不胜感激。

Answer 1

让我们为 blocks 添加图例和工具提示你提到的(我不能使用你的代码，因为它不完整)。请看下面隐藏片段中的演示(我将数据加载重写为 d3.tsv.parse 以简化示例)。

首先，让我们增加适合 svg 的图例的底部边距:

var margin = {top: 20, right: 50, bottom: 130, left: 20};

这样添加图例(注意注释):

var legend = svg.append("g") // add g element it will be the container for our legend
    .attr("transform", "translate(0," + (height + 25) + ")") // move it under the bar cart
    .selectAll(".legend")
    .data(causes.reverse()) // bind data
    .enter().append("g")
    .attr("class", "legend")
    .attr("transform", function(d, i) { return "translate(0," + i * 20 + ")"; }); // put legend items one above the other

legend.append("rect") // append legend items rect
    .attr("x", width - 18)
    .attr("width", 18)
    .attr("height", 18)
    .style("fill", function(d, i) { return z(causes.length - 1 - i);}); // set appropriate color with z scale

legend.append("text") // append legend items text
    .attr("x", width - 24)
    .attr("y", 9)
    .attr("dy", ".35em")
    .style("text-anchor", "end")
    .text(function(d) { return d; }); // set appropriate text

添加工具提示的最快方法使用d3-tip图书馆。使用 npm 或 script 标签将其添加到您的项目中。

这样定义工具提示:

var tip = d3.tip()
  .attr('class', 'd3-tip')
  .offset([-10, 0])
  .html(function(data, cause) {
    return "<div class=\"tooltip\">" + cause + ":" + data.y + "</div>";
  })

svg.call(tip);

为 rect 元素的 mouseover 和 mouseout 事件附加适当的事件处理函数:

layer.selectAll("rect")
  .data(function(d) { return d; })
  .enter().append("rect")
  .attr("x", function(d) { return x(d.x); })
  .attr("y", function(d) { return y(d.y + d.y0); })
  .attr("height", function(d) { return y(d.y0) - y(d.y + d.y0); })
  .attr("width", x.rangeBand() - 1)
  .on('mouseover', function(d,i,j) { tip.show(d, causes[causes.length - 1 - j]); })
  .on('mouseout', tip.hide); 

注意:如果您使用 d3v4，它适用于 d3v3，您将被迫稍微重写 mouseover 处理函数。

var causes = ["wounds", "other", "disease"];

var parseDate = d3.time.format("%m/%Y").parse;

var margin = {top: 20, right: 50, bottom: 130, left: 20},
    width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
    height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;

var x = d3.scale.ordinal()
    .rangeRoundBands([0, width]);

var y = d3.scale.linear()
    .rangeRound([height, 0]);

var z = d3.scale.category10();

var xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
    .scale(x)
    .orient("bottom")
    .tickFormat(d3.time.format("%b"));

var yAxis = d3.svg.axis()
    .scale(y)
    .orient("right");

var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
    .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
    .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
  .append("g")
    .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");


var dataAsString = `date	total	disease	wounds	other
4/1854	8571	1	0	5
5/1854	23333	12	0	9
6/1854	28333	11	0	6
7/1854	28772	359	0	23
8/1854	30246	828	1	30
9/1854	30290	788	81	70
10/1854	30643	503	132	128
11/1854	29736	844	287	106
12/1854	32779	1725	114	131
1/1855	32393	2761	83	324
2/1855	30919	2120	42	361
3/1855	30107	1205	32	172
4/1855	32252	477	48	57
5/1855	35473	508	49	37
6/1855	38863	802	209	31
7/1855	42647	382	134	33
8/1855	44614	483	164	25
9/1855	47751	189	276	20
10/1855	46852	128	53	18
11/1855	37853	178	33	32
12/1855	43217	91	18	28
1/1856	44212	42	2	48
2/1856	43485	24	0	19
3/1856	46140	15	0	35`;

var tip = d3.tip()
  .attr('class', 'd3-tip')
  .offset([-10, 0])
  .html(function(data, cause) {
    return "<div class=\"tooltip\">" + cause + ":" + data.y + "</div>";
  })

svg.call(tip);

var crimea = d3.tsv.parse(dataAsString, function(item) {
	return {
  	date: parseDate(item.date),
    total: +item.total,
    disease: +item.disease,
    wounds: +item.wounds,
    other: +item.other
  };
});

var layers = d3.layout.stack()(causes.map(function(c) {
  return crimea.map(function(d) {
    return {x: d.date, y: d[c]};
  });
}));

x.domain(layers[0].map(function(d) { return d.x; }));
y.domain([0, d3.max(layers[layers.length - 1], function(d) { return d.y0 + d.y; })]).nice();

var layer = svg.selectAll(".layer")
.data(layers)
.enter().append("g")
.attr("class", "layer")
.style("fill", function(d, i) { return z(i); });

layer.selectAll("rect")
  .data(function(d) { return d; })
  .enter().append("rect")
  .attr("x", function(d) { return x(d.x); })
  .attr("y", function(d) { return y(d.y + d.y0); })
  .attr("height", function(d) { return y(d.y0) - y(d.y + d.y0); })
  .attr("width", x.rangeBand() - 1)
  .on('mouseover', function(d,i,j) { tip.show(d, causes[causes.length - 1 - j]); })
  .on('mouseout', tip.hide);

svg.append("g")
  .attr("class", "axis axis--x")
  .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
  .call(xAxis);

svg.append("g")
  .attr("class", "axis axis--y")
  .attr("transform", "translate(" + width + ",0)")
  .call(yAxis);

var legend = svg.append("g")
		.attr("transform", "translate(0," + (height + 25) + ")")
		.selectAll(".legend")
    .data(causes.reverse())
    .enter().append("g")
    .attr("class", "legend")
    .attr("transform", function(d, i) { return "translate(0," + i * 20 + ")"; });

legend.append("rect")
    .attr("x", width - 18)
    .attr("width", 18)
    .attr("height", 18)
    .style("fill", function(d, i) { return z(causes.length - 1 - i);});

legend.append("text")
    .attr("x", width - 24)
    .attr("y", 9)
    .attr("dy", ".35em")
    .style("text-anchor", "end")
    .text(function(d) { return d; });

function type(d) {
  d.date = parseDate(d.date);
  causes.forEach(function(c) { d[c] = +d[c]; });
  return d;
}

.axis text {
  font: 10px sans-serif;
}

.legend {
    font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-size: 60%;
}

.axis line,
.axis path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #000;
  shape-rendering: crispEdges;
}

.axis--x path {
  display: none;
}

.tooltip {
  background-color: lightblue;
  border-radius: 5px;
  padding: 6px;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/3.4.11/d3.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3-tip/0.7.1/d3-tip.js"></script>