c# - 将数组限制为特定类型 - 自定义纹理类 C#？

Question

我正在尝试创建一个自定义纹理类，并且我希望能够选择纹理是 8 位还是浮点 a.k.a 我希望能够设置 _buffer要么是RGBFloat[]或 RGBByte[]但是我无法弄清楚如何在不使整个类通用的情况下做到这一点，但是如果我将其通用化，则可以设置其他对象类型，而不仅仅是我想将其限制为的对象类型。也许可以以某种方式使用继承或接口(interface)，我不知道。

示例 C# 代码: (带 T 的地方不正确，只是占位符)

public struct RGBFloat
{
    public float R { get; }
    public float G { get; }
    public float B { get; }

    public RGBFloat(float r, float g, float b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}

public struct RGBByte
{
    public byte R { get; }
    public byte G { get; }
    public byte B { get; }

    public RGBByte(byte r, byte g, byte b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}

public enum TextureFormat
{
    RGBFloat,
    RGBByte
}

public class Texture2D
{
    public int Width { get; }
    public int Height { get; }
    private T[] _buffer; // want it to be able to be either RGBFloat[] or RGBByte[] but nothing else.

    public Texture2D(int width, int height, TextureFormat textureFormat)
    {
        Width = width;
        Height = height;
        switch (textureFormat)
        {
            case TextureFormat.RGBFloat:
                _buffer = new RGBFloat[width * height];
                break;
            default:
                _buffer = new RGBByte[width * height];
                break;
        }
    }

    public T this[int i]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[i]); }
        set { _buffer[i] = value; }
    }

    public T this[int x, int y]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[Width * y + x]); }
        set { _buffer[Width * y + x] = value; }
    }
}

我创建的工作通用类示例，它类似于我的 TextureClass，但这个类旨在能够支持任何对象类型。

public class Computebuffer<T>
{
    public int Count { get; }
    private T[] _buffer;

    public Computebuffer(int count)
    {
        Count = count;
        _buffer = new T[count];
    }

    public T this[int i]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[i]); }
        set { _buffer[i] = value; }
    }

    public void Initialize(T value)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
        {
            _buffer[i] = value;
        }
    }

    public void SetData(T[] data)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
        {
            _buffer[i] = data[i];
        }
    }

    public void GetData(T[] data)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
        {
            data[i] = _buffer[i];
        }
    }


    public void Clear()
    {
        _buffer = new T[Count];
    }
}

编辑 1:(更新版本，几乎可以工作):问题: 使用此代码，我可以将 RGBFloat 添加到 Texture2D，但这没有任何意义。 (查看主程序)

public interface IRGBType { }

public struct RGBFloat : IRGBType
{
    public float R { get; }
    public float G { get; }
    public float B { get; }

    public RGBFloat(float r, float g, float b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}

public struct RGBByte : IRGBType
{
    public byte R { get; }
    public byte G { get; }
    public byte B { get; }

    public RGBByte(byte r, byte g, byte b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}


public class Texture2D<T> where T : struct, IRGBType
{
    public int Width { get; }
    public int Height { get; }
    private IRGBType[] _buffer;

    public Texture2D(int width, int height)
    {
        Width = width;
        Height = height;
        _buffer = new IRGBType[width * height];
        Initialize();
    }

    private void Initialize()
    {
        Type type = this.GetType();
        if (type == typeof(RGBByte))
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < Width * Height; i++)
            {
                _buffer[i] = new RGBByte(0, 0, 0);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < Width * Height; i++)
            {
                _buffer[i] = new RGBFloat(0, 0, 0);
            }
        }

    }

    public IRGBType this[int i]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[i]); }
        set { _buffer[i] = value; }
    }

    public IRGBType this[int x, int y]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[Width * y + x]); }
        set { _buffer[Width * y + x] = value; }
    }
}

主程序:

Texture2D<RGBFloat> texFloat = new Texture2D<RGBFloat>(64, 64);
Texture2D<RGBByte> texByte = new Texture2D<RGBByte>(64, 64);
texFloat[32, 32] = new RGBFloat(10, 50, 60);
texByte[32, 32] = new RGBFloat(0.9f, 0.24f, 0.5f); // this should not work I should not be able to add a RGBFloat to a RGBByte Texture2D

编辑 2: (更新版本 v3) 仍然是一个问题，我将如何初始化 _buffer具有可选值的数组，非常新 Texture2D<RGBFloat>(64, 64)应该用 new RGBFloat(0,0,0) 初始化和 Texture2D<RGBFloat>(64, 64, new RGBFloat(0.5f,0.6f,0.7f))应该使用提供的值进行初始化:

public class Texture2D<T> where T : struct, IRGBType
{
    public int Width { get; }
    public int Height { get; }
    private T[] _buffer;

    public Texture2D(int width, int height, T? initializeValue = null)
    {
        Width = width;
        Height = height;
        _buffer = new T[width * height];
        Initialize(initializeValue);
    }

    private void Initialize(T? value)
    {
        Type type = this.GetType();
        T rgb;
        if (type == typeof(RGBFloat))
        {
            rgb = value ?? new RGBFloat(0, 0, 0); // Error: Operator '??' cannot be applied to operands of type 'T' and 'RGBFloat'
        }
        else
        {
            rgb = value ?? new RGBByte(0, 0, 0); // Error: Operator '??' cannot be applied to operands of type 'T' and 'RGBByte'
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < Width*Height; i++)
        {
            _buffer[i] = rgb;
        }
    }

    public T this[int i]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[i]); }
        set { _buffer[i] = value; }
    }

    public T this[int x, int y]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[Width * y + x]); }
        set { _buffer[Width * y + x] = value; }
    }
}

编辑 3: 现在可以正常工作的完整最终版本:

public interface IRGBType { }

public struct RGBFloat : IRGBType
{
    public float R { get; }
    public float G { get; }
    public float B { get; }

    public RGBFloat(float r, float g, float b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}

public struct RGBByte : IRGBType
{
    public byte R { get; }
    public byte G { get; }
    public byte B { get; }

    public RGBByte(byte r, byte g, byte b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}

public class Texture2D<T> where T : struct, IRGBType
{
    public int Width { get; }
    public int Height { get; }
    private T[] _buffer;

    public Texture2D(int width, int height, T? initializeValue = null)
    {
        Width = width;
        Height = height;
        _buffer = new T[width * height];
        if (initializeValue.HasValue)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < Width * Height; i++)
            {
                _buffer[i] = initializeValue.Value;
            }
        };
    }

    public T this[int i]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[i]); }
        set { _buffer[i] = value; }
    }

    public T this[int x, int y]
    {
        get { return (_buffer[Width * y + x]); }
        set { _buffer[Width * y + x] = value; }
    }
}

Answer 1

您可以创建一个您的RGBFloat 和RGBByte 结构实现的接口(interface)，并将通用类型限制为该接口(interface)。界面可以只是一个“标记”，里面什么也没有:

public interface IRGBType { }

public struct RGBFloat : IRGBType
{
    public float R { get; }
    public float G { get; }
    public float B { get; }

    public RGBFloat(float r, float g, float b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}

public struct RGBByte : IRGBType
{
    public byte R { get; }
    public byte G { get; }
    public byte B { get; }

    public RGBByte(byte r, byte g, byte b)
    {
        R = r;
        G = g;
        B = b;
    }
}

然后你可以让你的泛型类只接受实现这个接口(interface)的类型:

public class Texture2D<T> where T: IRGBType
{
  ...
}

如果您知道您将始终通过struct 实现此接口(interface)，则可以进一步限制泛型:

public class Texture2D<T> where T: struct, IRGBType
{
  ...
}

编辑:确保在您的类中的任何地方都使用通用T 参数，而不是接口(interface)。这是确保类型安全所必需的，否则您的索引器可以接受任何 IRGBType，这可能会出现很大问题。正确用法:

public class Texture2D<T> where T: struct, IRGBType
{
  private T[] _buffer;

  public Texture2D(int width, int height)
  {
      ...
      _buffer = new T[width * height];
      ...
  }

  public T this[int i]
  {
      get => _buffer[i];
      set => _buffer[i] = value;
  }
}