C# 加权随机数

Question

我需要游戏编程方面的帮助。

您打开一个箱子，并以给定的概率找到一个元素。

元素/几率

一个/10%
B/30%
C/60%

Random random = new Random();
int x = random.Next(1, 101);

if (x < 11) // Numbers 1..10 ( A -> 10% )
{ 
     do_something1(); d
} 
else if (x < 41) // Numbers 11..40 ( B -> 30 % )
{ 
     do_something2();
}
else if (x < 101) // Numbers 41..100 ( C -> 60 % ) 
{ 
     do_something3();
}

就概率而言，这个例子真的有意义吗？您有其他解决方案吗？

提前致谢!

Answer 1

我意识到这有点晚了，但这里有一个没有常量、费力的 if/else 和/或 switch 语句的例子；

public class WeightedChanceParam
{
    public Action Func { get; }
    public double Ratio { get; }

    public WeightedChanceParam(Action func, double ratio)
    {
        Func = func;
        Ratio = ratio;
    }
}

public class WeightedChanceExecutor
{
    public WeightedChanceParam[] Parameters { get; }
    private Random r;

    public double RatioSum
    {
        get { return Parameters.Sum(p => p.Ratio); }
    }

    public WeightedChanceExecutor(params WeightedChanceParam[] parameters)
    {
        Parameters = parameters;
        r = new Random();
    }

    public void Execute()
    {
        double numericValue = r.NextDouble() * RatioSum;

        foreach (var parameter in Parameters)
        {
            numericValue -= parameter.Ratio;

            if (!(numericValue <= 0))
                continue;

            parameter.Func();
            return;
        }

    }
}

使用示例:

WeightedChanceExecutor weightedChanceExecutor = new WeightedChanceExecutor(
    new WeightedChanceParam(() =>
    {
        Console.Out.WriteLine("A");
    }, 25), //25% chance (since 25 + 25 + 50 = 100)
    new WeightedChanceParam(() =>
    {
        Console.Out.WriteLine("B");
    }, 50), //50% chance
    new WeightedChanceParam(() =>
    {
        Console.Out.WriteLine("C");
    }, 25) //25% chance
);

//25% chance of writing "A", 25% chance of writing "C", 50% chance of writing "B"        
weightedChanceExecutor.Execute();