c# - 具有授权 ASP.NET Core 2.0 Web API 的单元测试 Controller

Question

我有一个 Controller :

public class InvitationsController: Controller {
        private readonly IMapper _mapper;
        private readonly IInvitationManager _invitationManager;
        private readonly UserManager<MyAppUser> _userManager;

        public InvitationsController(
            IInvitationManager invitationManager,
            IMapper mapper,
            UserManager<MyAppUser> userManager,
            IJobManager jobManager
        ) {
            _invitationManager = invitationManager;
            _mapper = mapper;
            _userManager = userManager;
        } 
[Authorization]
GetInvitationByCode(string code) { ... }

我正在尝试使用 Xunit 和 Moq 编写单元测试。这是我的测试的实现:

  public class InvitationsControllerTests {

    private Mock<IInvitationManager> invitationManagerMock;        
    private Mock<UserManager<MyAppUser>> userManagerMock;
    private Mock<IMapper> mapperMock;
    private InvitationsController controller;

    public InvitationsControllerTests() {
        invitationManagerMock = new Mock<IInvitationManager>();          
        userManagerMock = new Mock<UserManager<MyAppUser>>();

        mapperMock = new Mock<IMapper>();
        controller = new InvitationsController(invitationManagerMock.Object,
                   mapperMock.Object,
                   userManagerMock.Object);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetInvitationByCode_ReturnsInvitation() {

        var mockInvitation = new Invitation {
            StoreId = 1,
            InviteCode = "123abc",
        };

        invitationManagerMock.Setup(repo => 
        repo.GetInvitationByCodeAsync("123abc"))
            .Returns(Task.FromResult(mockInvitation));

        var result = await controller.GetInvitationByCode("123abc");

        Assert.Equal(mockInvitation, result);
    }

我认为我没有正确使用模拟功能。特别是 UserManager。我找不到关于使用 Moq 测试受 [Authorize] 保护的 Controller 的明确答案。运行我的测试时，它抛出一个异常

        controller = new InvitationsController(invitationManagerMock.Object,
                   mapperMock.Object,
                   userManagerMock.Object);

上面写着:

CaSTLe.DynamicProxy.InvalidProxyConstructorArgumentsException: '无法实例化类的代理:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UserManager`1[[MyApp.api.Core.Models.MyAppUser, MyApp.api, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=中性，PublicKeyToken=null]]。找不到无参数的构造函数。”

Answer 1

您不是在进行单元测试；你是集成测试。当您发现自己设置了一万个模拟只是为了运行一个方法时，这是一个很好的迹象，这是一个集成测试。此外，诸如授权之类的事情仅作为请求生命周期的一部分发生；如果不执行实际请求，就无法对其进行测试，这再次意味着您正在进行集成测试。

因此，使用 test host .

private readonly TestServer _server;
private readonly HttpClient _client;

public MyTestClass()
{
    _server = new TestServer(new WebHostBuilder()
        .UseStartup<Startup>());
    _client = _server.CreateClient();
}

[Fact]
public async Task GetInvitationByCode_ReturnsInvitation() {

    var mockInvitation = new Invitation {
        StoreId = 1,
        InviteCode = "123abc",
    };

    var response = await _client.GetAsync("/route");
    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

    var responseString = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Invitation>(responseString);

    // Compare individual properties you care about.
    // Comparing the full objects will fail because of reference inequality
    Assert.Equal(mockInvitation.StoreId, result.StoreId);
}

如果您需要构建数据以返回正确的结果，只需使用 in-memory database provider .使用它进行集成测试的最简单方法是指定一个新环境，如“测试”。然后，在您的启动中，在配​​置上下文时，在环境上分支并在环境为“测试”时使用内存中提供程序(而不是 SQL Server 或其他)。然后，在为集成测试设置测试服务器时，只需添加 .UseEnvironment("Test")之前 .UseStartup<Startup>() .