c# - 我需要一个可以引用超过 7000 万个 texture2d/vector2 对象集的容器

Question

我正在尝试找到一种方法来存储对大约 7000 万个 texture2d/vector2 集的引用。为了澄清一点，我需要能够使用 100 个左右的 texture2d，然后为它们分配一个 vector2 XY 值，以获得大约有 7000 万个图 block 的图 block map 。我只需要一个 texture2d 与 vector2 对应的引用。我将动态地/程序地生成瓦片/坐标集我现在只需要一种方法来存储所有它们，这不会炸毁我的 ram。我尝试使用以 vector2 为键、以 texture2d 为值的字典，但它因 OutOfMemoryException 而让我丧命。所以我随后尝试了 Wintellect Power Collections 并使用了他们的 MultiDictionary。但是，即使我将 texture2d 指定为唯一的键并使用 vector2 作为该键的 7000 万个值，它仍然会因相同的异常而终止。

所以我不知道现在应该如何进行。我只需要存储引用以供以后访问。我并没有试图将它们绘制到屏幕或类似的东西上，所以我不明白为什么仅仅为了字典就需要 700mb 的内存。事后我才意识到我一直在让这些词典自行调整大小。这可能是问题所在吗？

我希望这是足够具体的，我已经整夜未眠，所以我现在不会打扰清理和发布任何代码。如果您认为我的代码而不是我的方法是罪魁祸首，请告诉我，我会为您发布。期待您的回答。

编辑:好的，这是我现在正在使用的代码。我稍微清理了一下，但我知道它不是最好看的代码。如果您发现任何明显的问题或什至效率低下，我很乐意听到这些问题。只是不要打击我，因为这是我第一次使用 c# :)

当 WorldWidth 和 WorldHeight 分别设置为 8400 时，7000 万个图 block 开始发挥作用。

class MapMaker
{
    SpriteSheet spriteSheetMap;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet1;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet2;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet3;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet4;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet5;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet6;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet7;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet8;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet9;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet10;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet11;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet12;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet13;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet14;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet15;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet16;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet17;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet18;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet19;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet20;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet21;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet22;
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet23;

    Random rnd = new Random();

    int WorldWidth = 250;
    int WorldHeight = 250;
    List<int> sprites = new List<int>();
    int[][] TheGrid = new int[10][];
    int posX = 0, posY = 0, gridX = 0, gridY = 0;
    Dictionary<int, Texture2D> TileStorage = new Dictionary<int, Texture2D>();
    Dictionary<Vector2, Texture2D> SineSaver = new Dictionary<Vector2, Texture2D>();
    public void loadTiles(ContentManager Content)
    {
        spriteSheetMap = new SpriteSheet();

        spriteSheet1 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet2 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet3 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet4 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet5 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet6 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet7 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet8 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet9 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet10 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet11 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet12 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet13 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet14 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet15 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet16 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet17 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet18 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet19 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet20 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet21 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet22 = new SpriteSheet();
        spriteSheet23 = new SpriteSheet();

        spriteSheetMap.Map = Content.Load<Dictionary<string, Rectangle>>("Tiles/Map");
        TileStorage.Add(0, spriteSheet1.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("test2"));
        TileStorage.Add(1, spriteSheet1.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Amethyst"));
        TileStorage.Add(2, spriteSheet2.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Amethyst_N"));
        TileStorage.Add(3, spriteSheet3.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Aquamarine"));
        TileStorage.Add(4, spriteSheet4.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Aquamarine_N"));
        TileStorage.Add(5, spriteSheet5.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Citrine"));
        TileStorage.Add(6, spriteSheet6.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Citrine_N"));
        TileStorage.Add(7, spriteSheet7.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Diamond"));
        TileStorage.Add(8, spriteSheet8.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Diamond_N"));
        TileStorage.Add(9, spriteSheet9.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Dirt1"));
        TileStorage.Add(10, spriteSheet10.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Dirt2"));
        TileStorage.Add(11, spriteSheet11.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Emerald"));
        TileStorage.Add(12, spriteSheet12.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Emerald_N"));
        TileStorage.Add(13, spriteSheet13.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Peridot"));
        TileStorage.Add(14, spriteSheet14.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Peridot_N"));
        TileStorage.Add(15, spriteSheet15.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Ruby"));
        TileStorage.Add(16, spriteSheet16.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Ruby_N"));
        TileStorage.Add(17, spriteSheet17.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Sand"));
        TileStorage.Add(18, spriteSheet18.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Sapphire"));
        TileStorage.Add(19, spriteSheet19.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Stone1"));
        TileStorage.Add(20, spriteSheet20.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Stone2"));
        TileStorage.Add(21, spriteSheet21.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Stone3"));
        TileStorage.Add(22, spriteSheet22.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Topaz"));
        TileStorage.Add(23, spriteSheet23.Sheet = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Tiles/Topaz_N"));

        CreateMapKey();
    }

    private void CreateMapKey()
    {
        TheGrid[0] = new int[] { 0, 3, 14, 25, 36, 47, 58, 69, 80, 91 };
        TheGrid[1] = new int[] { 12, 4, 15, 26, 37, 48, 59, 70, 81, 92 };
        TheGrid[2] = new int[] { 23, 5, 16, 27, 38, 49, 60, 71, 82, 93 };
        TheGrid[3] = new int[] { 34, 6, 17, 28, 39, 50, 61, 72, 83, 94 };
        TheGrid[4] = new int[] { 45, 7, 18, 29, 40, 51, 62, 73, 84, 95 };
        TheGrid[5] = new int[] { 56, 8, 19, 30, 41, 52, 63, 74, 85, 96 };
        TheGrid[6] = new int[] { 67, 9, 20, 31, 42, 53, 64, 75, 86, 97 };
        TheGrid[7] = new int[] { 78, 10, 21, 32, 43, 54, 65, 76, 87, 98 };
        TheGrid[8] = new int[] { 89, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99 };
        TheGrid[9] = new int[] { 1, 13, 24, 35, 46, 57, 68, 79, 90, 2 };

        BaseTileset();
    }

    private void BaseTileset()
    {
        int hillLocation = 300, hillWidth = 120, hillHeight = 10;
        for (int i = 0; i < WorldHeight * WorldWidth; i++)
        {
            if (i % WorldHeight * 5 == 0)
            {
                hillLocation += rnd.Next(-40, 40);
                hillWidth += rnd.Next(-10, 10);
                if (hillWidth == 0) { hillWidth = 1; }
                hillHeight += rnd.Next(-5, 5);
            }
            Vector2 position = new Vector2(posX, posY);
            Texture2D tile = TileStorage[9];
            double sine = hillLocation + Math.Sin(posX / hillWidth) * hillHeight;
            double cosine = hillLocation + Math.Cos(posX / hillWidth) * hillHeight / 2;
            if (posY <= sine || posY < cosine)
            {
                tile = null;
            }
            if (tile != null)
            {
                SineSaver.Add(position, tile);
                sprites.Add(TheGrid[gridY][gridX]);

            }

            posY += 20;
            if (posY > (WorldHeight - 1) * 20) { posY = 0; posX += 20; }
            gridX = posX / 20 % 10;
            gridY = posY / 20 % 10;
        }

    }

    public void DrawLevel(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics)
    {
        spriteBatch.Begin();
        int i = 0;
        foreach (KeyValuePair<Vector2, Texture2D> entry in SineSaver)
        {
            spriteBatch.Draw(entry.Value, entry.Key, spriteSheetMap[sprites[i]], Color.White);
            i++;
        }
        spriteBatch.End();
    }
}

Answer 1

我建议研究享元模式 ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyweight_pattern )

如果您知道每个图 block 的宽度和高度，则可以计算每个图 block 的 Vector2 位置 - 它是基于索引确定的，因此不需要存储。每个图 block 所需的唯一数据是一个用于索引的 int 和一个可以小到单个字节的“类型”标识符。

7000 万 * (4 + 1 ) 字节 = 333.786011 兆字节

编辑 1: 稍微详细说明..

假设我们有一个 3x3 的图 block 网格 - 我们知道总共有 9 个图 block ，所以我们为每个图 block 分配一个索引 0-8..

Tile[] tiles = new Tile[9]

for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
    tiles[i].Index = i;

知道每个网格行横跨 3 个图 block ，每列向下 3 个图 block ，我们可以使用模和除运算符来获取任何图 block 索引的行和列...

Tile tile = getSomeTile();

int column = tile.Index % 3; // = column 1
int row = tile.Index \ 3; // = row 1 - tile 4 is in the middle :)

知道每个图 block 的宽度和高度(比如说 10 个像素)，我们现在可以计算图 block 4 的确切位置:

Vector2 position = new Vector2
{
    X = 10f * column,
    Y = 10f * row
};

编辑 2: 回应评论...

您的 Tile 对象需要包含一个类型标识符，如下所示:

struct Tile
{
    int Index; // The tiles index in the map [0 - 70 million].
    byte TileTypeId; // An identifier for a tile type.
}

class TileType // This is the flyweight object..
{
    Texture2D Texture; // Gets the texture reference for the tile type...

    // any other information about the tile ie. is it collidable? is it water? etc..
}

然后在绘制瓷砖时......

Tile tile = tiles[someIndex];

TileType type = tileTypes[tile.TileTypeId];  // tileTypes could be a dictionary...

Vector2 position = this.CalculateTilePosition(tile.Index); // Calculate the position as above...

spriteBatch.Draw(type.Texture, position);

编辑 3: 作为对序列化评论的回应......

序列化 tile grid 应该很容易，它只是一个很长的字节序列。假设瓦片是按顺序存储的，我们已经知道瓦片索引号，因此不需要将其存储在文件中。

回到 3x3 网格示例:

Example binary data file:
0xF4 0x15 0x5A 0xB5 0x00 0x61 0xEE 0xA3 0x39

BinaryReader reader = OpenSomeBinaryFile();

for (int i = 0; i < (3 * 3); i++)
    tiles[i] = new Tile { Index = i, TileTypeId= reader.ReadByte() };

// easy to optimize by reading bigger binary chunks (say an Int64) and bit shifting to get the individual bytes...

// If you happen to have reasonbly large series of tiles with the same type id (byte), the file will be quite well suited to compression on disk, which is a bonus :)