javascript - 尝试 ES6 样式导入给出 'Cannot use import statement outside a module'

Question

我正在尝试在 intellij 中编写一个 javascript 测试，我需要为其导入一些依赖项并且我想使用 ES6 样式的导入语句但出现错误

/usr/local/bin/node /workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha
--ui bdd --reporter "/Users/me/Library/Application Support/IntelliJIdea2019.1/NodeJS/js/mocha-intellij/lib/mochaIntellijReporter.js"
tests/*.test.js /workspace/rr-sample/tests/App.test.js:3
import chai from 'chai'
^^^^^^

SyntaxError: Cannot use import statement outside a module
    at wrapSafe (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1043:16)
    at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1091:27)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1160:10)
    at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:976:32)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:884:14)
    at Module.require (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1016:19)
    at require (internal/modules/cjs/helpers.js:69:18)
    at /workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/lib/mocha.js:334:36
    at Array.forEach (<anonymous>)
    at Mocha.loadFiles (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/lib/mocha.js:331:14)
    at Mocha.run (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/lib/mocha.js:809:10)
    at Object.exports.singleRun (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/lib/cli/run-helpers.js:108:16)
    at exports.runMocha (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/lib/cli/run-helpers.js:142:13)
    at Object.exports.handler (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/lib/cli/run.js:292:3)
    at Object.runCommand (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/yargs/lib/command.js:242:26)
    at Object.parseArgs [as _parseArgs] (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/yargs/yargs.js:1087:28)
    at Object.parse (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/yargs/yargs.js:566:25)
    at Object.exports.main (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/lib/cli/cli.js:68:6)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/workspace/rr-sample/node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha:10:23)
    at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1121:30)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1160:10)
    at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:976:32)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:884:14)
    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:67:12)
    at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47

到底是什么问题？我找到了这个链接(和其他链接)http://xahlee.info/js/js_import_export.html它告诉你如何解决这个错误，但在另一个对我没有帮助的上下文中，它没有解释问题是什么。

如果它有帮助，这里是我正在使用的代码。

//const chai = require("chai");
import chai from 'chai'

const React = require("react");
const expect = chai.expect;

describe('how it works first-time test', () => {
  it('checks equality', () => {

    const val = false;
    expect(val).to.be.false;
  });

});

Answer 1

运行用 ES6 编写的 Mocha 测试的最简单方法是使用 Mocha --require @babel/register 选项即时编译它们(参见 https://github.com/mochajs/mocha/wiki/compilers-deprecation#what-should-i-use-instead-then )。当然，你需要确保安装相应的模块并相应地设置.babelrc

package.json:

"dependencies": {
  "@babel/cli": "^7.7.4",
  "@babel/core": "^7.7.4",
  "@babel/preset-env": "^7.7.4",
  "@babel/register": "^7.7.4",
...
}

.babelrc:

{
  "presets": [
    [
      "@babel/preset-env"
    ]
  ]
}

另见 https://dev.to/bnorbertjs/my-nodejs-setup-mocha--chai-babel7-es6-43ei