c# - GetMethods 中反射的开销是多少

Question

我只是在我编写的几个解析器中重构了一段通用代码。该代码用于自动发现方法实现，它非常方便扩展现有解析器或使用更多 DRY 代码(尤其是我一个人在做这个项目):

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class CallableAttribute : Attribute
{
    public CallableAttribute()
        : this(true)
    {
        // intentionally blank
    }

    private CallableAttribute(bool isCallable)
    {
        Callable = isCallable;
    }

    public bool Callable { get; private set; }
}

public class DynamicCallableMethodTable<TClass, THandle>
    where THandle : class
{
    private readonly IDictionary<string, THandle> _table = new Dictionary<string, THandle>();

    public DynamicCallableMethodTable(TClass instance, Func<string, string> nameMangler,
                             BindingFlags bindingFlags = BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)
    {
        var attributeType = typeof(CallableAttribute);
        var classType = typeof(TClass);

        var callableMethods = from methodInfo in classType.GetMethods(bindingFlags)
                              from CallableAttribute a in methodInfo.GetCustomAttributes(attributeType, false)
                              where a.Callable
                              select methodInfo;

        foreach (var method in callableMethods)
            _table[nameMangler(method.Name)] = method.CastToDelegate<THandle>(instance);
    }

    public bool TryGetMethod(string key, out THandle handle)
    {
        return _table.TryGetValue(key, out handle);
    }
}

public static class MethodEx
{
    public static TDelegate CastToDelegate<TDelegate>(this MethodInfo method, object receiver)
        where TDelegate : class
    {
        return Delegate.CreateDelegate(typeof(TDelegate), receiver, method, true) as TDelegate;
    }
}

现在我想在一个可能被频繁创建和销毁的类中使用这段代码:

class ClassWhichUsesDiscoveryOnInstanceMethodAndIsShortLived
{
    private DynamicCallableMethodTable<string, TSomeDelegate> _table = ...
    public ClassWhichUsesDiscoveryOnInstanceMethodAndIsShortLived()
    {
        _table = new DynamicCallableMethodTable<string, TSomeDelegate>(this, ...);
    }
}

所以我在 GetMethods 的开销上徘徊，如果 .NET(4.0 可以使用...)实现中已经有一些缓存，或者我是否应该在发现过程中使用缓存。我真的不确定反射调用的效率如何。

Answer 1

基于@Sergey的以下想法

Yes, it's called MemberInfo cache. More on it here: msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163759.aspx – Sergey

我将静态代码提取到一个静态类中，它基于通用静态类字段将有自己的槽的假设(即使它不使用通用参数？)。虽然我不确定我是否不应该直接存储 MethodInfo。从长远来看，RuntimeMethodHandle 似乎可以节省空间。

static class ReflectionMethodCache<TClass>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// this field gets a different slot for every usage of this generic static class
    /// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2685046/uses-for-static-generic-classes
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<BindingFlags, IList<RuntimeMethodHandle>> MethodHandles;

    static ReflectionMethodCache()
    {
        MethodHandles = new ConcurrentDictionary<BindingFlags, IList<RuntimeMethodHandle>>(2, 5);
    }

    public static IEnumerable<RuntimeMethodHandle> GetCallableMethods(BindingFlags bindingFlags)
    {
        return MethodHandles.GetOrAdd(bindingFlags, RuntimeMethodHandles);
    }

    public static List<RuntimeMethodHandle> RuntimeMethodHandles(BindingFlags bindingFlags)
    {
        return (from methodInfo in typeof (TClass).GetMethods(bindingFlags)
                from CallableAttribute a in
                    methodInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof (CallableAttribute), false)
                where a.Callable
                select methodInfo.MethodHandle).ToList();
    }
}

public class DynamicCallableMethodTable<TClass, THandle>
    where THandle : class
{
    private readonly IDictionary<string, THandle> _table = new Dictionary<string, THandle>();

    public DynamicCallableMethodTable(TClass instance, Func<string, string> nameMangler,
                             BindingFlags bindingFlags = BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)
    {
        var callableMethods = ReflectionMethodCache<TClass>.GetCallableMethods(bindingFlags);

        foreach (MethodInfo methodInfo in callableMethods.Select(MethodBase.GetMethodFromHandle))
        {
            _table[nameMangler(methodInfo.Name)] = methodInfo.CastToDelegate<THandle>(instance);
        }
    }

    public bool TryGetMethod(string key, out THandle handle)
    {
        return _table.TryGetValue(key, out handle);
    }
}

public static class MethodEx
{
    public static TDelegate CastToDelegate<TDelegate>(this MethodInfo method, object receiver)
        where TDelegate : class
    {
        return Delegate.CreateDelegate(typeof(TDelegate), receiver, method, true) as TDelegate;
    }
}