c - 将四个嵌套循环转换为 CUDA 内核-6ren

c - 将四个嵌套循环转换为 CUDA 内核

转载作者：行者123 更新时间：2023-11-30 18:22:22

我正在编写 CUDA 程序，为 BMP 文件添加模糊效果。我编写了在 CPU 上执行此操作的工作程序，现在我尝试将代码转换为 CUDA。这是我想在 CUDA 上使用的函数:

void blur(bitmap_header* hp, unsigned char *data)
{
  int xx,yy,x,y, avgB, avgG, avgR, ile;
  int blurSize = 5;
    for(xx = 0; xx < hp->width; xx++)
    {
      for(yy = 0; yy < hp->height; yy++)
    {
        avgB = avgG = avgR = 0;
        ile = 0;

        for(x = xx; x < hp->width && x < xx + blurSize; x++)
        {


            for(y = yy; y < hp->height && y < yy + blurSize; y++)
            {
                avgB += data[x*3 + y*hp->width*3 + 0];
                avgG += data[x*3 + y*hp->width*3 + 1];
                avgR += data[x*3 + y*hp->width*3 + 2];
                ile++;
            }
        }

        avgB = avgB / ile;
        avgG = avgG / ile;
        avgR = avgR / ile;

        data[xx*3 + yy*hp->width*3 + 0] = avgB;
        data[xx*3 + yy*hp->width*3 + 1] = avgG;
        data[xx*3 + yy*hp->width*3 + 2] = avgR;
    }
}
}

如何将此函数转换为在 CUDA 设备上运行？每个教程仅涵盖一个 for 循环并使用

int i = threadIdx.x

我之前关于这个程序的问题: Blur effect on bitmap using C

编辑

带有 CUDA 编辑的完整代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <Windows.h>


#pragma pack(push,1)
/* Windows 3.x bitmap file header */
typedef struct {
char         filetype[2];   /* magic - always 'B' 'M' */
unsigned int filesize;
short        reserved1;
short        reserved2;
unsigned int dataoffset;    /* offset in bytes to actual bitmap data */
} file_header;

/* Windows 3.x bitmap full header, including file header */
typedef struct {
file_header  fileheader;
unsigned int headersize;
int          width;
int          height;
short        planes;
short        bitsperpixel;  /* we only support the value 24 here */
unsigned int compression;   /* we do not support compression */
unsigned int bitmapsize;
int          horizontalres;
int          verticalres;
unsigned int numcolors;
unsigned int importantcolors;
} bitmap_header;
#pragma pack(pop)

__global__ void blur(bitmap_header* hp, unsigned char *data)
{
int xx,yy,x,y, avgB, avgG, avgR, ile;
int blurSize = 5;

xx = blockIdy.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
yy = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;

if(xx >= hp->width || yy >= hp->height)
    return;


avgB = avgG = avgR = 0;
ile = 0;

for(x = xx; x < hp->width && x < xx + blurSize; x++)
{


    for(y = yy; y < hp->height && y < yy + blurSize; y++)
    {
        avgB += data[x*3 + y*hp->width*3 + 0];
        avgG += data[x*3 + y*hp->width*3 + 1];
        avgR += data[x*3 + y*hp->width*3 + 2];
        ile++;
    }
}

avgB = avgB / ile;
avgG = avgG / ile;
avgR = avgR / ile;

data[xx*3 + yy*hp->width*3 + 0] = avgB;
data[xx*3 + yy*hp->width*3 + 1] = avgG;
data[xx*3 + yy*hp->width*3 + 2] = avgR;
}

int filter(char* input, char *output)
{
//variable dec:
FILE *fp,*out;
bitmap_header* hp;
bitmap_header* d_hp;
unsigned char *data;
unsigned char *d_data;

//Open input file:
fp = fopen(input, "r");
if(fp==NULL)
    return 1;

//Read the input file headers:
hp=(bitmap_header*)malloc(sizeof(bitmap_header));
cudaMalloc( &d_hp, (sizeof(bitmap_header));
if(hp==NULL)
    return 1;

fread(hp, sizeof(bitmap_header), 1, fp);
cudaMemcpy(d_hp, &hp, (sizeof(bitmap_header), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

//Read the data of the image:
data = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*hp->bitmapsize);
cudaMalloc( &d_data, (sizeof(char)*hp->bitmapsize));

fseek(fp,sizeof(char)*hp->fileheader.dataoffset,SEEK_SET);
fread(data,sizeof(char),hp->bitmapsize, fp);
cudaMemcpy(d_data, &data, (sizeof(char)*hp->bitmapsize), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);


dim3 block(16,16);
dim3 grid ( (hp->height + 15)/16, (hp->width + 15)/16 );

blur<<<grid,block>>>(d_hp, d_data);
cudaMemcpy(data, d_data, (sizeof(char)*hp->bitmapsize), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);

//Open output file:
out = fopen(output, "wb");
if(out==NULL)
{
    fclose(fp);
    free(hp);
    free(data);
    cudaFree(d_data);
    cudaFree(d_hp);
    return 1;
}

fwrite(hp,sizeof(char),sizeof(bitmap_header),out);

fseek(out,sizeof(char)*hp->fileheader.dataoffset,SEEK_SET);
fwrite(data,sizeof(char),hp->bitmapsize,out);

fclose(fp);
fclose(out);
free(hp);
free(data);

cudaFree(d_data);
cudaFree(d_hp);
return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int frames;
int frame = 1;
char path[100000];

system("rd /s/q temp");
system("mkdir temp");

system("cls");
printf("Zapis wszystkich klatek do folderu temp.\n");
system("ffmpeg.exe -i test.mp4 -r 29.970 -vcodec bmp temp/%d.bmp");

printf("Ile jest klatek w folderze temp?\n");
scanf("%d", &frames);

for(frame = 1;frame<=frames;frame++)
{
    sprintf(path,"temp\\%d.bmp",frame);
    printf("Nakladam filtr na ");
    printf(path);
    printf("\n");
    filter(path,path);
}

system("cls");
printf("Wszystkie klatki do filmu mp4.\n");
system("ffmpeg -r 29.970 -i temp/%d.bmp  -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 21 temp/out.mp4");

system("cls");
printf("Wyciecie dzwieku z filmu do mp3\n");
system("ffmpeg -i test.mp4 -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 192 -f wav temp/sound.wav");

system("cls");
printf("Polaczenie mp3 z mp4.\n");
system("ffmpeg -i temp/sound.wav -i temp/out.mp4 final.mp4");

system("cls");
printf("Delete ");
system("rd /s temp");
system("pause");

return 0;
}

完整错误列表:

Warning    1    warning : The 'compute_10' and 'sm_10' architectures are deprecated, and may be removed in a future release. C:\Users\Karpińscy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\nvcc    blur
Error    2    error : identifier "blockIdy" is undefined C:\Users\Karpi˝scy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    blur
Error    3    error : expected a ")" C:\Users\Karpi˝scy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    blur
Warning    4    warning : expression has no effect C:\Users\Karpi˝scy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    blur
Error    5    error : expected a ")" C:\Users\Karpi˝scy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    blur
Error    6    error : too few arguments in function call C:\Users\Karpi˝scy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    blur
Error    7    error MSB3721: The command ""C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v6.0\bin\nvcc.exe" -gencode=arch=compute_10,code=\"sm_10,compute_10\" --use-local-env --cl-version 2012 -ccbin "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\VC\bin"  -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v6.0\include" -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v6.0\include"  -G    -maxrregcount=0  --machine 32 --compile -cudart static -I  -g   -DWIN32 -D_DEBUG -D_CONSOLE -D_MBCS -Xcompiler "/EHsc /W3 /nologo /Od /Zi /RTC1 /MDd  " -o Debug\kernel.cu.obj "C:\Users\Karpińscy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu"" exited with code 2. C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V110\BuildCustomizations\CUDA 6.0.targets    597    9    blur
    8    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    33    1    blur
    9    IntelliSense: expected a ';' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    33    12    blur
    10    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    56    4    blur
    11    IntelliSense: expected a ';' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    56    9    blur
    12    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    57    4    blur
    13    IntelliSense: expected a ';' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    57    7    blur
    14    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    58    3    blur
    15    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    62    2    blur
    16    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    63    2    blur
    17    IntelliSense: identifier "xx" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    65    7    blur
    18    IntelliSense: identifier "yy" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    65    14    blur
    19    IntelliSense: identifier "avgB" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    65    36    blur
    20    IntelliSense: identifier "xx" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    66    7    blur
    21    IntelliSense: identifier "yy" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    66    14    blur
    22    IntelliSense: identifier "xx" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    67    7    blur
    23    IntelliSense: identifier "yy" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    67    14    blur
    24    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    68    1    blur
    25    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    94    5    blur
    26    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    95    2    blur
    27    IntelliSense: identifier "d_data" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    95    15    blur
    28    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    95    21    blur
    29    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    97    5    blur
    30    IntelliSense: identifier "fp" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    97    11    blur
    31    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    97    13    blur
    32    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    98    5    blur
    33    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    98    15    blur
    34    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    99    2    blur
    35    IntelliSense: identifier "d_data" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    99    13    blur
    36    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    99    19    blur
    37    IntelliSense: identifier "dim3" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    102    2    blur
    38    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    102    15    blur
    39    IntelliSense: identifier "dim3" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    103    2    blur
    40    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    103    34    blur
    41    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    105    2    blur
    42    IntelliSense: expected a ';' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    105    6    blur
    43    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    106    2    blur
    44    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    106    17    blur
    45    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    109    2    blur
    46    IntelliSense: identifier "output" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    109    14    blur
    47    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    110    2    blur
    48    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    122    5    blur
    49    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    122    14    blur
    50    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    123    5    blur
    51    IntelliSense: expected a ')' c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    123    16    blur
    52    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    125    5    blur
    53    IntelliSense: identifier "fp" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    125    12    blur
    54    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    126    5    blur
    55    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    127    5    blur
    56    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    128    5    blur
    57    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    130    2    blur
    58    IntelliSense: identifier "d_data" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    130    11    blur
    59    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    131    2    blur
    60    IntelliSense: identifier "d_hp" is undefined c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    131    11    blur
    61    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    132    5    blur
    62    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    133    1    blur
    63    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    158    2    blur
    64    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    161    2    blur
    65    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    162    2    blur
    66    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    164    2    blur
    67    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    165    2    blur
    68    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    166    2    blur
    69    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    168    2    blur
    70    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    169    2    blur
    71    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    170    2    blur
    72    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    172    2    blur
    73    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    173    2    blur
    74    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    174    2    blur
    75    IntelliSense: this declaration has no storage class or type specifier    c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    175    2    blur
    76    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    177    5    blur
    77    IntelliSense: expected a declaration c:\Users\Karpińscy\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    178    1    blur

最佳答案

您的代码中有不少语法错误。事实上，它们与 CUDA 没有任何关系。也许您应该提高基本的 C 编码技能并了解如何解释编译器错误。

这一行:

cudaMalloc( &d_hp, (sizeof(bitmap_header));

缺少右括号。您看不到这一点，也无法找出表明这一点的编译器错误？

Error    3    error : expected a ")" C:\Users\Karpi˝scy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    blur

在cuda中，没有内置变量blockIdy。也许您的意思是blockIdx.y？

Error    2    error : identifier "blockIdy" is undefined C:\Users\Karpi˝scy\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\blur\blur\kernel.cu    blur

此行出现另一个编译错误:

cudaMemcpy(d_hp, &hp, (sizeof(bitmap_header), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

应该是这样的:

cudaMemcpy(d_hp, &hp, sizeof(bitmap_header), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

如果您在修复这些编译错误后仍然需要帮助，请发布一个新问题，其中包含完整但简单的代码，该代码不依赖于从文件中读取图像。只需创建一个简单的测试用例并使用它来验证内核即可。添加我提到的错误检查并使用 cuda-memcheck 运行您的代码。如果你拒绝做这些事情，我就帮不了你。

关于c - 将四个嵌套循环转换为 CUDA 内核，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23712019/

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c++ - 什么 C++(通用 (c/c++) 与 (通用 c)/c++ )
很难说出这里问的是什么。这个问题是含糊的、模糊的、不完整的、过于宽泛的或修辞性的，无法以目前的形式得到合理的回答。如需帮助澄清此问题以便重新打开它，visit the help center 。已关
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关闭。这个问题不符合Stack Overflow guidelines .它目前不接受答案。我们不允许提问寻求书籍、工具、软件库等的推荐。您可以编辑问题，以便用事实和引用来回答。关闭 7 年前。
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c - C语言中 "c -= --c - c++;"的结果应该是什么？
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c - 将四个嵌套循环转换为 CUDA 内核