c# - 创意模式建议

Question

我正在努力寻找一个好的方法来处理一个看起来不错的问题。

我的整个模型都依赖于定价策略的概念。这些策略根据规则计算特定价格。规定了如何计算给定时间范围内的价格(早上 8 点到中午 12 点花费你那么多钱......)

我目前有 6 个策略，每个策略都继承自 RuledBasedPricingStrategy，后者本身实现了 IStrategy

public abstract class RuledBasedPricingStrategy : IPricingStrategy
{
    public abstract string FriendlyName { get; }
    protected abstract ICollection<IPricingRule> Rules { get; }

    protected Booking Booking { get; }
    protected Resource Resource { get; }
    protected TecTacClient Client { get; }

    protected RuledBasedPricingStrategy(Booking booking, Resource resource, TecTacClient client)
    { 
       // Just checking and assigning values(...) 
    }

    public abstract bool IsEligible();

    public Pricing Build()
    {
        var strategy = new Pricing(FriendlyName, Resource.CurrencyCode);
        foreach (var r in Rules.OrderByDescending(x => x.Priority))
            r.Apply(strategy, Booking, Resource, Client);
        return strategy;
    }
}

public class RegularPricingCalculatorFactory : RuledBasedPricingStrategy
{
    public override string FriendlyName => "Regular Pricing";

    protected override ICollection<IPricingRule> Rules => new List<IPricingRule>
    {
        new OfficeHourPricingRule(),
        // Non Office Hours
        new OnePercentSurchagePricingRule()
    };

    public override bool IsEligible() => (...)

    public RegularPricingCalculatorFactory(Booking booking, Resource resource, TecTacClient client)
        : base(booking, resource, client)
    { }
}

public class HalfdayPricingStrategy : RuledBasedPricingStrategy
{
    public override string FriendlyName => "Half day Pricing";

    protected override ICollection<IPricingRule> Rules => new List<IPricingRule>
    {
        new HalfDayPricingRule(),
        new OfficeHourPricingRule(),
        // Non Office Hours
    };

    public override bool IsEligible() => (...)

    public HalfdayPricingStrategy(Booking booking, Resource resource, TecTacClient client) 
        : base(booking, resource, client) { }
}

IRule 是一个简单的接口(interface)。规则接受定价作为参数，并将根据需要添加尽可能多的定价步骤:

public interface IPricingRule
{
    int Priority { get; }
    void Apply(Pricing pricing, Booking booking, Resource resource, TecTacClient client);
}

定价是一个简单的类，如下所示:

public class Pricing
{
    public string Name { get; }
    public string CurrencyCode { get; }
    private readonly List<PricingStep> _steps;
    public ICollection<PricingStep> Steps => _steps.AsReadOnly();
    public decimal TotalPrice => Steps.Sum(x => x.Price);
 }

等等(...)

我正在寻找一种实例化所有这些策略的好方法。正如您所注意到的，他们将预订、资源和客户对象作为 ctor 参数。我最初的观点是避免两次传递这些参数(IsEligible 和 Build)。然而，我需要建立一个“工厂”，它将知道所有策略类型并在每次收到新请求时实例化它们:

    public IEnumerable<IPricingStrategy> Find(Booking booking, Resource resource, TecTacClient client)
        => _strategiesType
            .Select(t => Activator.CreateInstance(t, booking, resource, client))
            .OfType<IPricingStrategy>();

这似乎不是正确的做法。 Strategy应该被实例化一次，然后重新用于计算strategy。但是我不能在那种情况下我最终会做类似的事情

foreach(var s in strategies)
    if (s.IsEligible(booking, resource, client))
        yield return s.Build(booking, resource, client);

我可以使用哪些模式来简化/清理此代码？

谢谢塞布

Answer 1

正如您所指出的，将参数传递给构造函数意味着每次这些参数之一发生变化时，您都需要为每个 IPricingStrategies 创建一个新实例。

但是，您不想将同一组参数传递给 Strategy 的两个方法。

这两种方法首先是分开的有充分的理由吗？在我看来，除了决定是否调用 Build 之外，调用者永远不会想要调用 IsEligible。我们可以将该决定移至策略中，并返回(复合)结果:-

// You can make this guy more sophisticated by building a proper
// option type if you like, but this is good enough as an example.
class PricingStrategyResult
{
  public bool IsEligible { get; set; }
  public Pricing Pricing { get; set; }
}

interface IPricingStrategy
{
  // Your caller passes the parameters and receives both values
  // at once.
  PricingStrategyResult Build(
    Booking booking,
    Resource resource,
    TecTacClient client)
}

// But you can still split the logic up at the implementation
// level if you need to.
public abstract class RuledBasedPricingStrategy : IPricingStrategy
{
  protected abstract bool IsEligible();

  public PricingStrategyResult Build(
    Booking booking,
    Resource resource,
    TecTacClient client)
  {
    if (!this.IsEligible)
    {
      return new PricingStrategyResult()
      {
        IsEligible = false
      };
    }

    var pricing = new Pricing(FriendlyName, Resource.CurrencyCode);

    foreach (var r in Rules.OrderByDescending(x => x.Priority))
    {
      r.Apply(pricing, booking, resource, client);
    }

    return new PricingStrategyResult()
    {
      IsEligible = true,
      Pricing = pricing
    };
  }
}

然后你这样调用它:-

results = strategies.Build(booking, resource, client)
                    .Where(x => x.IsEligible)
                    .Select(x => x.Pricing);