c - 在 x64 环境中与 GCC 和 x86 ASM 链接

Question

我正在运行 Windows Ultimate x64 (Core i5)，并在 Cygwin 上使用 x64 GCC 编译器。我想通过链接 GCC C 库(通过 Cygwin 安装)来创建一个简单的“Hello, world”程序。我正在使用 NASM 并尝试使用 ELF32 和 Win32 格式来执行以下代码:

;;
;; hello.asm - use the C library to output hello world
;;

; In case I wanted to use the code for Windows later
%if 0
%define main    _main
%define printf  _printf
%endif

global main
extern printf

; we set up our string here
section .data
    formatstr:  db 'hello, world!', 10, 0

section .text

    main:

    sub     esp, 4

    lea     eax, [formatstr]
    mov     [esp], eax
    call    printf

    add     esp, 4
    mov     eax, 0

    ret

使用 nasm -f elf32 hello.asm 或 nasm -f win32 hello.asm 以及 gcc hello.o -o hello 时>，GCC 告诉我:

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `hello.o' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

我的 Google 搜索引导我为 Cygwin 安装 cygwin32 软件包，所以我已经这样做了。

当我查找如何在 32 位模式下运行 GCC 时，我添加了 m32 开关，但这会导致 ELF 和 Win32 产生更多错误输出:

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../libcygwin.a when searching for -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../libcygwin.a when searching for -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../libcygwin.a when searching for -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lcygwin
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -ladvapi32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lshell32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -luser32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lkernel32
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc_s.dll.a when searching for -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3//libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/            lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/4.8.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

我对汇编器和消化 ABI 还很陌生，所以我不太确定如何继续。我觉得我错过了一些非常简单的东西，因为我已经成功链接了我过去为 C 项目编写的汇编代码。

Answer 1

感谢 Adam Rosenfield 指出了 Cygwin 邮件列表帖子，我继续尝试在考虑 x64 支持的情况下重写我的 ASM。这确实允许我使用 GCC 输出二进制文件。我应该注意到我的程序会导致段错误，但这是我对 x64 汇编器或相应调用约定不够了解的问题。