c++ - ARM GCC 交叉编译器 fedora 22

Question

我正在运行 fedora LXDE，并且正在尝试为 ARM 进行交叉编译以进行研究。在浏览互联网后，我下载了软件包:arm-linux-gnu-cpp和arm-linux-gnu-binutils，并尝试使用它们来编译一个hello world C程序。我得到以下信息:

[aejjeh@localhost ARMtests]$ arm-linux-gnu-gcc -v hello.c
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnu-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/5.1.1/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: ../gcc-5.1.1-20150618/configure --bindir=/usr/bin --build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --datadir=/usr/share --disable-decimal-float --disable-dependency-tracking --disable-gold --disable-libgcj --disable-libgomp --disable-libmudflap --disable-libquadmath --disable-libssp --disable-libunwind-exceptions --disable-nls --disable-plugin --disable-shared --disable-silent-rules --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-threads --with-ld=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnu-ld --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-checking=release --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-initfini-array --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-linker-build-id --enable-nls --enable-obsolete --enable-plugin --enable-targets=all --exec-prefix=/usr --host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --includedir=/usr/include --infodir=/usr/share/info --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --localstatedir=/var --mandir=/usr/share/man --prefix=/usr --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnu- --sbindir=/usr/sbin --sharedstatedir=/var/lib --sysconfdir=/etc --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/ --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=c++98 --with-isl --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --with-newlib --with-sysroot=/usr/arm-linux-gnu/sys-root --with-system-libunwind --with-system-zlib --without-headers --with-tune=cortex-a8 --with-arch=armv7-a --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-abi=aapcs-linux
Thread model: single
gcc version 5.1.1 20150618 (Red Hat Cross 5.1.1-3) (GCC) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-march=armv7-a' '-mtune=cortex-a8' '-mfloat-abi=hard' '-mfpu=vfpv3-d16' '-mabi=aapcs-linux' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/5.1.1/cc1 -quiet -v hello.c -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -march=armv7-a -mtune=cortex-a8 -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 -mabi=aapcs-linux -mtls-dialect=gnu -auxbase hello -version -o /tmp/cclJjDIf.s
GNU C11 (GCC) version 5.1.1 20150618 (Red Hat Cross 5.1.1-3) (arm-linux-gnueabi)
    compiled by GNU C version 5.1.1 20150618 (Red Hat 5.1.1-4), GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.2
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/arm-linux-gnu/sys-root/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/5.1.1/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabi/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/arm-linux-gnu/sys-root/usr/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/5.1.1/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/5.1.1/include-fixed
End of search list.
GNU C11 (GCC) version 5.1.1 20150618 (Red Hat Cross 5.1.1-3) (arm-linux-gnueabi)
    compiled by GNU C version 5.1.1 20150618 (Red Hat 5.1.1-4), GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.2
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 6674f63c1f19a3bb91ffdaf6be2d26b1
hello.c:1:18: fatal error: stdio.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

然后，经过在互联网上的一些挖掘，我发现arm-linux-gnu-gcc只能构建内核应用程序，而不能构建用户应用程序。我还发现有一个叫arm-none-eabi-gcc的包，所以我安装了它并尝试使用它。这次我得到以下详细输出:

[aejjeh@localhost ARMtests]$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -v hello.c
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-none-eabi-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-none-eabi
Configured with: ../gcc-5.2.0/configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --with-pkgversion='Fedora 5.2.0-2.fc22' --with-bugurl=https://bugzilla.redhat.com/ --infodir=/usr/share/info --target=arm-none-eabi --enable-interwork --enable-multilib --with-python-dir=arm-none-eabi/share/gcc-5.2.0/python --with-multilib-list=armv6-m,armv7-m,armv7e-m,armv7-r --enable-plugins --disable-decimal-float --disable-libffi --disable-libgomp --disable-libmudflap --disable-libquadmath --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-threads --disable-tls --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-newlib --disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-threads --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-gmp --with-mpfr --with-mpc --with-headers=/usr/arm-none-eabi/include --with-system-zlib
Thread model: single
gcc version 5.2.0 (Fedora 5.2.0-2.fc22) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v'
 /usr/libexec/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/cc1 -quiet -v -D__USES_INITFINI__ hello.c -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -auxbase hello -version -o /tmp/cc85rCKv.s
GNU C11 (Fedora 5.2.0-2.fc22) version 5.2.0 (arm-none-eabi)
    compiled by GNU C version 5.1.1 20150618 (Red Hat 5.1.1-4), GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.2
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/sys-include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/include-fixed
 /usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include
End of search list.
GNU C11 (Fedora 5.2.0-2.fc22) version 5.2.0 (arm-none-eabi)
    compiled by GNU C version 5.1.1 20150618 (Red Hat 5.1.1-4), GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.2
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 615d73086bf155d17af97f0830ed8504
hello.c:1:18: fatal error: stdio.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

如果我尝试编译不使用任何 printfs 的 C 代码，我会得到以下结果:

[aejjeh@localhost ARMtests]$ arm-none-eabi-gcc hello.c
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find crt0.o: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

如果有人可以指出我做错了什么，或者是否有其他方法可以让交叉编译器工作，请告诉我。

Answer 1

我最近需要设置一个 Fedora 盒子来进行 Arm 交叉编译。我想使用 dnf 软件包，而不是像过去那样下载 linaro 二进制文件。 dnf search arm 最终引导我找到了这个包列表:

$ sudo dnf install gcc-arm-linux-gnu binutils-arm-linux-gnu glibc-arm-linux-gnu

$ arm-linux-gnu-gcc hello.c 
$ file a.out
a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, BuildID[sha1]=4fa9ce3405cf64f9019f0c39e82fc97d8f4e5190, with debug_info, not stripped

编辑:我注意到默认情况下不会选择 sys/include 文件。可能有更好的方法，但是通过 -I 在紧要关头工作:

$ arm-linux-gnu-gcc -I /usr/arm-linux-gnu/include srcfile.c

编辑2:https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1456209中讨论了传递-I的必要性

Edit3:我原来的答案没有安装C++或交叉编译的libstdc++-devel包。 C++ 交叉编译器很简单:

$ sudo dnf install gcc-c++-arm-linux-gnu

但奇怪的是，似乎没有现成的 C++ 库包。我最好的猜测是您需要下载 C++ 库源代码并使用交叉编译器进行编译。