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c - 如何获取子进程的退出状态?

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-11-30 16:11:16 26 4
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两个示例输出(由我的教授提供)是(这些在 Linux 终端中输入):

 ibrahim@ibrahim-latech:~$ ./prog2 .
Current working directory: /home/ibrahim
Executing ls . --all -l --human-readable
total 24M
drwxr-xr-x 74 ibrahim ibrahim 20K Oct 26 16:08 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4.0K Apr 10 2014 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 ibrahim ibrahim 4.1K Sep 13 12:09 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x 7 ibrahim ibrahim 4.0K Oct 11 14:51 Desktop/
...snip...
Exit status: 0

因此,如果代码有效,退出状态为 0,但此示例:

 ibrahim@ibrahim-latech:~$ ./prog2 /root
Current working directory: /home/ibrahim
Executing ls /root --all -l --human-readable
Can't chdir to /root
Exit status: 1

退出状态为 1,因为它是 false。

这是我的代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
pid_t pid;
pid = fork();
char cwd[255];
if(pid == 0){
printf("Current working directory: %s\n",getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)));
printf("Executing ls %s --all -l --human-readable\n",argv[1]);
if(chdir(argv[1])!=0){
printf("this is not a valid directory");
}
else{
execl("/bin/ls","ls","--all","-l","--human-readable", NULL);
}
}
else{
wait(NULL):
printf("Exit status:");// not sure how to put the 1 or 0 in this
}
}

退出状态必须由父进程输出。我不知道如何让退出状态发挥作用。

最佳答案

将评论中的关键信息转化为答案。

wait()函数告诉您 PID 和退出状态 - 您只需捕获它们,而不是忽略它们。您需要使用 WIFEXITEDWEXITSTATUS (如果 WIFEXITED 报告 false,还有其他宏可用于信号和核心转储等)。

修改您的代码:

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#ifndef LS_PATH
#define LS_PATH "/bin/ls"
#endif

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s directory\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0)
{
char cwd[255];
printf("Current working directory: %s\n", getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)));
printf("Executing 'ls -a -l' in %s\n", argv[1]);
if (chdir(argv[1]) != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s is not a valid directory\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
return 1;
}
//execl(LS_PATH, "ls", "--all", "-l", "--human-readable", (char*) NULL);
execl(LS_PATH, "ls", "-a", "-l", (char*) NULL);
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to execute %s\n", LS_PATH);
return 1;
}
else
{
int status;
int corpse = wait(&status);
if (corpse < 0)
printf("Failed to wait for process %d (errno = %d)\n", (int)pid, errno);
else if (corpse != pid)
printf("Got corpse of process %d (status 0x%.4X) when expecting PID %d\n",
corpse, status, (int)pid);
else if (WIFEXITED(status))
printf("Process %d exited with normal status 0x%.4X (status %d = 0x%.2X)\n",
corpse, status, WEXITSTATUS(status), WEXITSTATUS(status));
else if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
printf("Process %d exited because of a signal 0x%.4X (signal %d = 0x%.2X)\n",
corpse, status, WTERMSIG(status), WTERMSIG(status));
else
printf("Process %d exited with status 0x%.4X which is %s\n",
corpse, status, "neither a normal exit nor the result of a signal");
}
return 0;
}

我在不使用 GNU ls 的 Mac 上工作,因此我已将代码编译时配置为 ls 的位置,并且它仅使用可移植的选项(-a-l 而不是双破折号选项)。我更改了消息传递并检测到更多错误。与您的代码一样,这假设 fork() 不会失败 - 它也应该检查那里是否有错误。

示例输出(缩写) - 来自从 es61.c 编译的程序 es61:

$ es61 /orthography
Current working directory: /Users/jonathanleffler/soq
Executing 'ls -a -l' in /orthography
es61: /orthography is not a valid directory
Process 64463 exited with normal status 0x0100 (status 1 = 0x01)
$ es61 $PWD
Current working directory: /Users/jonathanleffler/soq
Executing 'ls -a -l' in /Users/jonathanleffler/soq
total 1016
drwxr-xr-x 100 jonathanleffler staff 3200 Oct 31 15:53 .
drwxr-xr-x+ 69 jonathanleffler staff 2208 Oct 31 15:53 ..

-rwxr-xr-x 1 jonathanleffler staff 9028 Oct 31 15:53 es61
-rw-r--r-- 1 jonathanleffler staff 1806 Oct 31 15:53 es61.c
drwxr-xr-x 3 jonathanleffler staff 96 Oct 31 15:43 es61.dSYM
drwxr-xr-x 9 jonathanleffler staff 288 Nov 5 2018 etc

-rw-r--r-- 1 jonathanleffler staff 390 Nov 16 2017 makefile

Process 64557 exited with normal status 0x0000 (status 0 = 0x00)
$

关于c - 如何获取子进程的退出状态?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58649371/

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